The Precedence Effect in Three Species of Birds (Melopsittacus undulatus, Serinus canaria, and Taeniopygia guttata).

The perceived locations of paired auditory images, simulating direct sounds and their echoes, have been recently studied in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus; M. L. Dent & R. J. Dooling, 2003a, 2003b). In this article, the authors extend those experiments to include measurements of the precedence effect using a discrimination paradigm in two additional bird species: canaries (Serinus canaria) and zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Although time courses of summing localization, localization dominance, and echo thresholds were similar across all species, budgerigars had slightly higher overall levels of discrimination. The results from these experiments add further support that the precedence effect in birds is similar to that found in other animals and that the ability to suppress echoes that might degrade localization and auditory object perception may be a general property of the vertebrate auditory system. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

FPGA技术挑战更低功耗、更小工艺尺寸节点

尽管FPGA厂商看到了65nm工艺节点上性能、密度和单门价格优势的诱惑,但FPGA业界仍要面对解决低功耗运行这种艰苦而无尽头的任务。     

Time optimization of ultraviolet–ozone pretreatment for improving wool fabrics properties

Wool fabrics were exposed to ultraviolet (UV)–ozone treatment for different periods. After exposure, the fabrics were analyzed by Fourior transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Also, the crystallinity and amorphousity regions were followed by an X‐ray diffraction technique. The results were correlated by mechanical properties measurements. After a certain period of exposure, the dyeability and printability were improved because these abilities are strongly related to the percentage ratio of crystallinity regions to amorphousity regions in wool fabrics. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1469–1476, 2002     

Non‐Covalent Functionalization of Graphene Using Self‐Assembly of Alkane‐Amines

A simple, versatile method for non‐covalent functionalization of graphene based on solution‐phase assembly of alkane‐amine layers is presented. Second‐order Møller–Plesset (MP2) perturbation theory on a cluster model (methylamine on pyrene) yields a binding energy of ≈220 meV for the amine–graphene interaction, which is strong enough to enable formation of a stable aminodecane layer at room temperature. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations on an assembly of 1‐aminodecane molecules indicate that a self‐assembled monolayer can form, with the alkane chains oriented perpendicular to the graphene basal plane. The calculated monolayer height (≈1.7 nm) is in good agreement with atomic force microscopy data acquired for graphene functionalized with 1‐aminodecane, which yield a continuous layer with mean thickness ≈1.7 nm, albeit with some island defects. Raman data also confirm that self‐assembly of alkane‐amines is a non‐covalent process, i.e., it does not perturb the sp² hybridization of the graphene. Passivation and adsorbate n‐doping of graphene field‐effect devices using 1‐aminodecane, as well as high‐density binding of plasmonic metal nanoparticles and seeded atomic layer deposition of inorganic dielectrics using 1,10‐diaminodecane are also reported.     

IT爱情观

斑马和驼鸟的共生现象 无论是斑马还是驼鸟，都算得上是有实力的大型动物，然而为了预防危险，它们依然会结伴去进食。斑马视力超群；驼鸟听力出众，它们一起进食，就能够防范猛兽的突袭。在职场中，即使你是能力超群的人，也一定会有弱点，比如一位擅长战略规划的领导者，可能对于具体的细节实施就比较迟钝。     

萨恩炼焦公司热回收焦炉选址优化

本文结合萨恩炼焦公司多年的热回收焦炉建设实践经验,对焦炉选址中应注意和考虑的一些问题进行了总结,以期对炼钢厂在建立长期可靠的焦炭供给方面提供一些有益的建议.     

国际钨协第14届年会市场报告

0 前言 这份报告是为2001年10月8～9日广州国际钨协第14届年会准备的,内有最新统计数据(截止2001年6月30日)对原钨的供应和需求进行了评估.所有数据用钨含量表示.对提供数据和专家建议的成员表示感谢,同时对欧洲金属协会和美国地质调查局的帮助亦表示感谢. 一般来说这些资料是一些总结性摘要的汇编,有关钨在欧洲市场的需求与消费方面的资料非常有价值.以地区为依据比以国家为依据来汇编资料更能确保资料的可靠性.本报告所指的市场经济国家(以下简称MEC)包括除中国、东欧和朝鲜以外所有的国家,目的是为有利于与前几年进行比较,尽管这种分类在某些情况下是不十分准确的. 在该报告中已用的所有数据由国际钨团体秘书第收集和比较,作为第季度统计返回独立收集人. 所有观点为作者个人观点,不代表国际钨协官方观点. 1 产量和供应 1.1 概述 除了中国和独联体,钨精矿的生产在2000年稍微上升到2 900t,奥地利和葡萄牙是仅有的值得注意的生产者.原MEC的生产厂家库存持续下滑,在整个产量中,奥地利的Mittersill矿生产了1 400t,但所生产的精矿是供整体运作使用,没有出口. 在2001年Cantung矿的业务主宣布计划重新开采该矿并尽快恢复生产,因为两个主要消费者因财务原因被授权购买他们所有的产品,其他公司也表示有增加产量及开发新资源的兴趣. 西方国家的厂家正等待重操旧业的机会,一方面靠增加现有的产量,或者靠开发资源,在两种情况下(特别是后者),必须能预见到一种价格的改进,因此目前价格的下滑是否会冲淡原先的狂热,是可以看得见的.     

国际钨协第13届年会市场报告

０前言本报告是为在美国华盛顿召开的国际钨协第１３届年度大会准备的 ,内备有最新统计数据（截止２０００年６月）对原钨的供应和需求进行了评估。所有的数据均以钨含量为单位。感谢所有提供有关统计数据和资料的会员们的合作 ,特别是感谢欧洲金属协会和美国地质调查局给予的支持和帮助。一般来说这些资料是一些会议论文概要的汇编 ,有关钨在欧洲市场的需求与消费方面的资料非常有价值。以地区为依据比以国家为依据来汇编资料更能确保资料的可靠性。本报告所指的“市场经济国家”包括除中国、东欧和朝鲜以外的所有其他国家 ,尽管这种分类并…     

A knowledge-based framework for automated software synthesis

Automated software synthesis is one of the central techniques used in knowledge-based software engineering to enhance the quality and efficiency of software development. Although many software synthesis systems have been developed, automatic control of these systems remains a difficult problem. Our goal is to reduce user interaction in transformational and schema-based synthesizers by means of significant advances in control mechanisms.This paper describes an approach for synthesis control that integrates a blackboard control architecture with an existing synthesis system. We present a framework language called MetaMorphos that allows explicit representations of control knowledge for use in selecting appropriate synthesis actions. MetaMorphos represents control decisions explicitly in terms of actions, events, and states. It is task-specific and contains knowledge about programming and how to select synthesizing methods based on given features. By employing a blackboard control architecture, our synthesis controller provides adaptability for dynamic control behaviors and flexibility to handle unanticipated situations during software development.Applying MetaMorphos in the domain of software synthesis, we illustrate how we use MetaMorphos to select appropriate transformations, data structure and algorithm schemas during the synthesis. An example shows how MetaMorphos handles the difficult problem of selecting schemas for two very similar problems which, in the best case, require different solutions.