Several studies indicate that virtual reality (VR) systems are useful for end-user participation in an environmental design
process. However, these systems can be costly and thus support for the decision whether to invest in a VR of some type is
useful. This study presents a novel method for analysing the usefulness of a VR system for the purpose of end-user participation.
We collected qualitative end-user opinion data in the real environment and then contrasted this data with the capabilities
of a VR system. Additionally, to better understand the capabilities of the VR used, we examined how the end-users perceive
the used virtual environment, which in this case was CAVE, an immersive VR system where projectors are directed to the walls
of a room-sized cube. In this way, we analysed whether the same functions and elements identified by end-users on the actual
wards could also be evaluated in the CAVE. Eleven nurses and 11 patients participated in the study by evaluating a bathroom
and/or four patient rooms modelled by the CAVE and the actual hospital wards. The CAVE was convenient for evaluating most
issues identified by the study participants in the actual hospital wards, i.e. aesthetics; correct location of equipment,
supplies and materials; distraction by or the good companion of other patients as well as window position and size and living/workspace.
However, it was not possible to evaluate with full certainty the possibilities for bracing against grab bars or other objects
in the VR, and this was found to be relevant to the independent functioning of patients with limited mobility. Also, due to
the relatively low luminance levels of projectors, evaluations regarding lighting were considered unreliable. Moreover, end-users
were not always certain about the sizes and sufficiency of space in the CAVE. Solutions to overcome these limitations were
proposed. 相似文献
The increased use of heat pumps to utilise low-temperature heat will undoubtedly be a part of future emission reduction measures within the heating sector. Identifying these heat sources and assessing their heat potential is essential for their utilisation. Different methods for estimating the potential of excess and natural heat sources found in the urban environment are presented in this study. The research aims to present a replicable estimation methodology which can be applied to any urban area. The methods are developed around publicly available data sources, or otherwise easily obtainable data. The research aims at producing data accurate enough to support decision-making on the district heating company or city level on utilising these heat sources. A wide range of excess and natural heat sources found in urban environments were identified in a literature review. Methods for estimating the potential of the heat sources were developed based on findings of the literature review and the expected availability of data. The developed estimation methods were applied in a case study where the potential of heat sources identified within the Turku area in Southwest Finland was estimated. The results of the case study show the potential of the heat sources within the studied area. The difficulty of obtaining raw, high-quality data are also highlighted. This emphasises the need for advanced processing of available data and insight on the related sources, e.g. building management systems or industrial processes. The methods presented in this study give an overview on how heat potential could be estimated. It can be used as a base for developing more refined methods and for detailed techno-economic assessment for utilising available excess and natural heat sources.
The objective of this study is to model the association between the electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral features and the novel r scale representing the sedative effects of the propofol anesthetic drug. On the basis of the r scale, the unresponsiveness to the verbal command (LVC) is forecasted. EEG recordings are taken from a 16-patient study population undergoing propofol anesthetic induction. EEG was filtered into consecutive 4-Hz passbands up to 28 Hz. Of these time-series, the amplitude envelopes were extracted and used as input features to the first and the second-order polynomial multiple linear regression models. The values r epsilon [0.4, 1] were predicted with the R2 value of 0.775 with a cross validation. The LVC times were forecasted with the median error of 5%-7% or equivalently 10-13 s. In contrast, using the median of the measured LVC times of the training population as a forecast, the corresponding error was 12% or 26 s. The results suggest an acceptable correlation between the r scale and the EEG spectrum in the studied range. Moreover, the r values of an individual can be predicted using a population model. The suggested framework enables forecasting the LVC, which may open new possibilities for steering the drug administration. 相似文献
Scientometrics - Scientific research builds on previous studies and scientifically proven knowledge. Researchers must master the recent developments in the field when designing research to answer... 相似文献
Communicative competence needed in today’s constructive learning environments both in virtual and physical classrooms requires most of all critical and argumentative thinking skills as well as abilities to use reciprocal and collaborative language. This study clarifies the quality of secondary school students’ collaboration in dyadic face-to-face and computer chat debates during argumentative discussions. The speech acts produced in 24 debates were first classified into either on-task or off-task categories. The on-task speech acts were then further classified into six collaborative and two non-collaborative categories. The students commonly presented questions and made requests for clarification or reactions as well as responded to issues put forward by their interlocutor. However, they seldom engaged in collaborative completion or recapitulated their arguments. The study suggests that while students appear to have the basic cognitive and social prerequisites for collaborative learning situations, in future they should be encouraged to collaboratively complete each others’ thoughts and recapitulate their own arguments. 相似文献
We present a practical and robust photorealistic rendering pipeline for augmented reality. We solve the real world lighting conditions from observations of a diffuse sphere or a rotated marker. The solution method is based on l1-regularized least squares minimization, yielding a sparse set of light sources readily usable with most rendering methods. The framework also supports the use of more complex light source representations. Once the lighting conditions are solved, we render the image using modern real-time rendering methods such as shadow maps with variable softness, ambient occlusion, advanced BRDF’s and approximate reflections and refractions. Finally, we perform post-processing on the resulting images in order to match the various aberrations and defects typically found in the underlying real-world video. 相似文献
Previous evaluation studies have rarely used authentic online texts and investigated upper secondary school students' use of evaluation criteria and deep reasoning. The associations between internet-specific epistemic justifications for knowing and credibility evaluation of online texts are not yet fully understood among adolescents. This study investigated upper secondary school students' (N = 372) abilities to evaluate self-selected authentic online texts and the role of internet-specific epistemic justifications in students' evaluation performance when solving a health-related information problem. Students selected three texts with Google Custom Search Engine and evaluated their credibility. Students' evaluation performance across the three texts was determined according to the different aspects evaluated (author, venue, intentions, evidence and corroboration) and the depth of their evaluations. Students also filled in the Internet-Specific Epistemic Justifications (ISEJ) inventory previously validated with pre-service teachers. The results revealed considerable differences in students' abilities to evaluate online texts. Students' beliefs in justification by authority and justification by multiple sources positively predicted their evaluation performance similarly in both topics. The findings suggest that the ISEJ inventory is also valid for upper secondary school students. Students should be explicitly taught to evaluate different credibility aspects and scaffolded to deeply engage with online information. 相似文献