含硫化氢气井钻井过程中的腐蚀因素与防护研究

在含硫气井的钻井过程中对于HRC大于22的钻具钢材除了腐蚀疲劳之外，在pH值小于9的环境中会发生硫化物应力腐蚀破裂，这种破坏比腐蚀疲劳更突然、更快，使钻杆大量损坏。含硫气井在钻井过程中，由于湿硫化氢的出现，常常会出现油管、套管、钻井设备、钻井仪器以及对支持保护管柱的水泥环柱等腐蚀和损坏问题，为此，阐述了湿硫化氢的腐蚀特点、机理，归纳总结了影响腐蚀的因素，综述了如何在这些方面防止其腐蚀，使损失减小，为指导油管、套管防腐工程实践提供了依据。建议在钻井过程中采用碱性钻井液，其pH值可到9或更高(至pH值12)，以减缓或防止钻井过程中电化学从硫化物应力腐蚀破裂；含硫气井用的钻杆应该间歇使用。钻杆停用堆置时间可使其放氢，使钻杆恢复韧性，防止硫化物应力腐蚀断裂。     

Adaptive Backstepping Sliding Mode Control of Tractor-trailer System with Input Delay Based on RBF Neural Network

In this paper, an adaptive sliding mode neural network(NN) control method is investigated for input delay tractor-trailer system with two degrees of freedom. An uncertain camera-object kinematic tracking error model of a tractor car with n trailers with input delay is proposed. Radial basis function neural networks(RBFNNs) are applied to approximate the unknown functions in the error model. A sliding mode surface with variable structure control is designed by using backstepping method. Then, an adaptive NN sliding mode control method is thus obtained by combining Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals. The controller realizes the global asymptotic trajectories tracking of the kinematics system. The stability of the closed-loop system is strictly proved by the Lyapunov theory. Matlab simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.

     

大尺寸非晶合金的制备方法及性能研究

目前大尺寸非晶合金材料的相关研究甚少,为完善大尺寸非晶合金的理论研究和制备方法,促进其快速发展,介绍大尺寸非晶合金的发展历程,详细阐述各种制备大尺寸非晶合金方法的原理及特点,综述大尺寸非晶合金的性能特点及应用现状。     

“老无所依”:奥康纳小说中的老人形象再探

奥康纳小说刻画了一群在社会转型中丧失财产和地位的南方老白人,他们的物质生活每况愈下,精神上经历着错位和失落,终日沉醉在过往的幸福时光之中,对当下世风大加批评。这种美化过去生活、消极反抗现实的处世态度使得他们的生存日益边缘化,甚至还会引发极为惨重的后果。对那些固守传统、恋旧讽今的长者,奥康纳在善意嘲讽的同时,也表达出真挚的理解和同情。     

设计模式中的面向对象原则及其子模式

在[Gamm95]中总结并提出了面向对象软件设计中非常重要的23个设计模式，这些模式尽管形态各异、目的不同，但它们都体现了相同的几个面向对象原则。该文讨论了这些面向对象的原则并对隐含在设计模式中的几个“子模式”进行了分析和总结。     

数据挖掘与土木工程的健康监测及诊断

介绍了数据挖掘的基本概念和体系结构,在此基础上分析了将数据挖掘技术运用于土木工程的健康监测及诊断的可能性与必要性.结合土木工程的健康监测及诊断的自身特点,探讨了数据挖掘技术在土木工程的健康监测及诊断中的应用前景及有待于解决的问题.     

Microtexture Analysis of the Alumina Scale in Thermal Barrier Coatings

Transmission electron microscopy‐based grain orientation mapping method was employed to investigate the microtexture of the alumina scale formed in commercial thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with two standard types of Pt‐enriched bond coats. Reliable orientation/phase maps with a spatial resolution down to 2 nm were acquired on the alumina grains. It was observed that the alumina scale on the Pt‐aluminide β‐phase bond coat has a stronger c‐axis texture normal to the bond coat surface, in comparison with that on the Pt‐diffused γ/γ′‐phase bond coat. The microtexture of the alumina scale could affect its effective coefficient of thermal expansion, which is a contributor to the severity of the bond coat rumpling mechanism of TBCs failure.     

Achieving both high electromechanical properties and temperature stability in textured PMN-PT ceramics

Textured piezoelectric ceramics, such as textured Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-PbTiO₃ (PMN-PT) ceramics, have attracted considerable attention from both academia and industry, as they possess crystal-like piezoelectric properties, high composition homogeneity, and low manufacturing cost. However, the main difficulty with the textured piezoelectric ceramics is the presence of BaTiO₃ (BT) templates, which greatly reduces their piezoelectricity and phase transition temperature. Thus, it is highly recommended to fabricate textured piezoelectric ceramics using as few templates as possible. Here, we successfully fabricated high-quality <001>-textured PMN-28PT ceramics (texturing degree of 99%) by using an extremely small amount of BT templates (1 vol.%) with the help of CuO/B₂O₃ sintering aids. The textured PMN-28PT ceramic exhibits 80% piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃ ∼ 1200 pC/N), 96% electromechanical coefficient (k₃₃ ∼ 88%) and the same temperature stability (T_rt ∼ 100, T_c ∼ 150°C) when compared to its single crystal counterpart. In addition, by using an alternating current electric field poling (AC-poling), the piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ and dielectric permittivity ε₃₃ of the textured PMN-28PT ceramics were further enhanced around 5–8%. It is believed that the advantages of high electromechanical properties, low cost, and easy mass production of textured PMN-28PT ceramic will make it a promising candidate for advanced electromechanical devices.     

某八层住宅基础形式选择

对某八层住宅房屋的基础进行了复合桩基方案及各种桩型桩基方案的经济性比较,采用了合理桩型的桩基方案.所得结论可供广大结构设计人员参考.