BUBBLE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS ON THE BINARY MIXTURES OF 1,4-DIMETHYLBENZENE WITH ISO -, SEC -, AND TERT - BUTANOLS AT 95 kPa

Bubble temperatures at 95 kPa over the entire composition range were measured for the three binary systems formed by 1,4-dimethylbenzene with iso-, sec-, and tert- butanols. A Swietoslawski-type ebulliometer was used for the measurements. The composition versus temperature measurements are well represented by the Wilson model.     

Neural net based model predictive control

Neural networks hold great promise for application in the general area of process control. This paper focuses on using a back propagation network in an optimization based model predictive control scheme. Since an analytical expression for the gradient of the neural net model can be derived and this expression can be calculated in parallel, extremely fast computation times are possible. The control approach is illustrated on a pH CSTR example.     

Role of working fluids on the cooling of discrete heated modules: a numerical approach

The study has focused on the role of working fluids (air, water and FC-72) on the cooling of discrete heated modules under free, forced and mixed convection medium. Three non-identical protruding discrete heat sources are arranged at different positions on a substrate board following golden mean ratio (GMR). Numerical simulations for these heat sources are carried out using a commercial software (ANSYS-Icepak R-15) to simulate their flow and temperature fields under three different modes of heat transfer. Results suggest that the temperature of the heat sources is a strong function of their size, position on the substrate board, the velocity of the fluid and type of working fluid used. A correlation has been proposed for the temperature of these heat sources keeping in mind their strong dependence on the afore-mentioned parameters. It has been found that water can be used for better heat removal from the heat sources due to its high boiling point. The whole idea gives a clear insight to the electronic cooling engineers regarding the selection of working fluids and modes of heat transfer for the cooling of electronic components.     

Power system reconfiguration and loss minimization for a distribution systems using “Catfish PSO” algorithm

One of the very important ways to save electrical energy in the distribution system is network reconfiguration for loss reduction. Distribution networks are built as interconnected mesh networks; however, they are arranged to be radial in operation. The distribution feeder reconfiguration is to find a radial operating structure that optimizes network performance while satisfying operating constraints. The change in network configuration is performed by opening sectionalizing (normally closed) and closing tie (normally opened) switches of the network. These switches are changed in such a way that the radial structure of networks is maintained, all of the loads are energized, power loss is reduced, power quality is enhanced, and system security is increased. Distribution feeder reconfiguration is a complex nonlinear combinatorial problem since the status of the switches is non-differentiable. This paper proposes a new evolutionary algorithm (EA) for solving the distribution feeder reconfiguration (DFR) problem for a 33-bus and a 16-bus sample network, which effectively ensures the loss minimization.     

A Multimedia Presentation Toolkit for the World Wide Web

This paper describes the design and implementation of MPRES, a Multimedia Presentation Toolkit for the WWW. The WWW has seen phenomenal growth over the last couple of years. It has become a vast repository of multimedia information that is accessible to virtually anyone having a browser. MPRES is a multimedia presentation system that allows a user to compose and render a presentation consisting of objects referenced by their URLs (Uniform Resource Locators). It uses the concept of dynamic documents to render on a WWW browser, a sequence of multimedia scenarios, having objects of types such as audio, image, plaintext, HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) document and animation. MPRES Author, the authoring subsystem, allows the user to interactively test and compose such a presentation, using the Netscape Navigator to collect multimedia resources from the WWW. A presentation database stores the presentations and provides a convenient frontend for accessing them. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons,Ltd.     

Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Pearl Millet Grains and Their Relationship to Roti Quality

Physical characteristics such as swelling capacity of grain and flour and water-soluble flour fraction, and chemical characteristics such as protein, starch, amylose, soluble sugars and fat content in pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) grains from 20 cultivars comprising local types, popular hybrids and prerelease lines were determined. Rotis were made from the grains of the 20 cultivars and evaluated for color, texture, odor, taste, and acceptability by a trained taste panel. The correlations between physicochemical characters and roti quality of 20 cultivars were worked out. The swelling capacity, water-soluble flour fraction, water-soluble protein, and amylose content of flour influenced the roti quality.