l-Malate and sucrose content of golden delicious apples: A comparison between enzymatic analyses using whole apples and apple juice

Summary There was no significant difference ( = 5%) between results obtained forl-malate and sucrose content from 100 g of whole apples and 100 g of apple juice. Therefore, in large commercial trials, instead of using whole apples when analysing the content of these metabolites, an equivalent weight of juice could be used.

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Apfelsäure- und Zuckergehalt von Golden Delicious Äpfeln: ein Vergleich der enzymatischen Analysen bei unzerkleinerten Äpfeln und bei Apfelsaft

Zusammenfassung Die Analysen vonl-Apfelsäure oder Saccharose, durchgeführt mit 100 g intaktem Apfel und mit 100 g Apfelsaft lieferten keine wesentlich verschiedene Ergebnisse ( = 5%). Demzufolge können bei großen kommerziellen Versuchen intakte Äpfel durch ein äquivalentes Saftgewicht ersetzt werden.

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With technical assistance from Willem T. Spekking.     

GP challenge: evolving energy function for protein structure prediction

One of the key elements in protein structure prediction is the ability to distinguish between good and bad candidate structures. This distinction is made by estimation of the structure energy. The energy function used in the best state-of-the-art automatic predictors competing in the most recent CASP (Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction) experiment is defined as a weighted sum of a set of energy terms designed by experts. We hypothesised that combining these terms more freely will improve the prediction quality. To test this hypothesis, we designed a genetic programming algorithm to evolve the protein energy function. We compared the predictive power of the best evolved function and a linear combination of energy terms featuring weights optimised by the Nelder–Mead algorithm. The GP based optimisation outperformed the optimised linear function. We have made the data used in our experiments publicly available in order to encourage others to further investigate this challenging problem by using GP and other methods, and to attempt to improve on the results presented here.     

Differences inl -malate determined enzymatically or titrimetrically in golden delicious apples

Summary In apples,l-malate was significantly less when estimated by titration with NaOH than by spectrophotometry after enzymatic reduction of NAD⁺ with malate dehydrogenase. The second method would determinel-malate in the form of salts as well as free acid.

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Unterschiede iml-Äpfelsäuregehalt von Golden-Delicious-Äpfeln nach enzymatischer bzw. titrimetrischer Bestimmung

Zusammenfassung In Äpfel wurde signifikant wenigerl-Malat mittels einer Titration gegen NaOH nachgewiesen als spektrometrisch nach enzymatischer Reduktion van NAD⁺ mit Malat-Dehydrogenase. Die zweite Methode erfaßtl-Malat sowohl als Salz wie als freie Säure.

     

Differences inl-malate determined enzymatically or titrimetrically in golden delicious apples

European Food Research and Technology - In apples,l-malate was significantly less when estimated by titration with NaOH than by spectrophotometry after enzymatic reduction of NAD+ with malate...     

Crystalline Nanorods as Possible Templates for the Synthesis of Amorphous Biosilica during Spicule Formation in Demospongiae

In tandem : High‐resolution TEM shows that during the initial stages of demosponge spicule formation, a primordial crystalline structure is formed within the axial filament. The recently developed electron diffraction tomography technique (ADT) reveals that the nanorods have a layered structure that matches smectitic phyllosilicates. These intracellular nanorods have been considered as precursors of mature spicules.

     

Multi-photon imaging of amine-functionalized silica nanoparticles

A convenient and simple strategy for preparing water soluble, photoluminescent functionalized silica nanoparticles (M-dots) in the absence of fluorophores or metal doping is demonstrated. These M-dots can be used for bioimaging using one and two-photon microscopy. Because of their high photostability, low toxicity and high biocompatibility compared with Lumidot? CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, functionalized silica particles are superior alternatives for current bioimaging platforms. Moreover, the presence of a free amine group at the surface of the M-dots allows biomolecule conjugation (e.g. with antibodies, proteins) in a single step for converting these photoluminescent SiO(2) nanoparticles into multifunctional efficient vehicles for theragnostics.