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An experimental study of heat transfer to boiling liquids under natural convective flow has been carried out in a single tube vertical thermosiphon reboiler to investigate the effect of heat flux and submergence on circulation rates. The test liquids used were distilled water, various concentrations of propan-2-ol in water and their azeotrope. The test section was an electrically heated stainless steel tube of 25.56 mm i.d., 28.85 mm o.d. and 1900 mm long with twenty-one spot welded copper constantan thermocouples to measure the variations in wall temperature along its axis. The uniform heat fluxes in the range of 3.5–42.4 kW/m2 were employed while inlet liquid sub-cooling varied from 0.2 to 30.7 °C. The liquid submergence levels were maintained in the range 30–100%. The typical experimental data has been graphically presented and discussed. An empirical correlation has been developed from the experimental data of the present study through regression analysis. 相似文献
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Hasan Idrees Ibrahim M. A. ElSherbiny Meagan Hecket Qirong Ke Christian Staaks Ahmed S. G. Khalil Mathias Ulbricht Stefan Panglisch 《化学,工程师,技术》2021,93(9):1408-1416
Reusing wastewater from oil-related industries is becoming increasingly important, especially in water-stressed oil-producing countries. Before oily wastewater can be discharged or reused, it must be properly treated, e.g., by membrane-based processes like ultrafiltration. A major issue of the applied membranes is their high fouling propensity. This paper reports on mitigating fouling inside ready-to-use ultrafiltration hollow-fiber modules used in a polishing step in oil/water separation. For this purpose, in-situ polyzwitterionic hydrogel coating was applied. The membrane performance was tested with oil nano-emulsions using a mini-plant system. The main factors influencing fouling were systematically investigated using statistical design of experiments. 相似文献
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Yan Zhang Chen Wang Changyu Wang Liu Yun Linhu Song Muhammad Idrees Huiying Liu Qianlong Zhang Jingyu Yang Xu Zheng Zhiyong Zhang Jie Gao 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(18)
Heat shock factors (Hsfs) play pivotal roles in plant stress responses and confer stress tolerance. However, the functions of several Hsfs in rice (Oryza sativa L.) are not yet known. In this study, genome-wide analysis of the Hsf gene family in rice was performed. A total of 25 OsHsf genes were identified, which could be clearly clustered into three major groups, A, B, and C, based on the characteristics of the sequences. Bioinformatics analysis showed that tandem duplication and fragment replication were two important driving forces in the process of evolution and expansion of the OsHsf family genes. Both OsHsfB4b and OsHsfB4d showed strong responses to the stress treatment. The results of subcellular localization showed that the OsHsfB4b protein was in the nucleus whereas the OsHsfB4d protein was located in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Over-expression of the OsHsfB4b gene in Arabidopsis and rice can increase the resistance to drought stress. This study provides a basis for understanding the function and evolutionary history of the OsHsf gene family, enriching our knowledge of understanding the biological functions of OsHsfB4b and OsHsfB4d genes involved in the stress response in rice, and also reveals the potential value of OsHsfB4b in rice environmental adaptation improvement. 相似文献
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Muhammad Idrees Saima Batool Qaiser Hussain Hidayat Ullah Mohammad Ibrahim Al-Wabel Mahtab Ahmad 《分离科学与技术》2016,51(14):2307-2317
Farmyard manure (FYM-BC) and poultry manure (PM-BC) derived biochars were applied as adsorbents to remove Cd2+ from water. Results indicated that PM-BC was a more efficient adsorbent than FYM-BC at all experimental conditions. Maximum Cd2+ adsorption was observed at pH 4, temperature 318 K and contact time 1 h, regardless of biochar type. The Langmuir model predicted maximum adsorption capacity of 90.09 mg g?1 for PM-BC. The data fitting to pseudo-second-order model proposed chemisorption of Cd2+ onto biochars. Thermodynamics indicated that adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. Post-adsorption analysis provided evidences of strong chemical interactions between biochars’ functional groups and Cd2+ ions. 相似文献
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Graphene nanosheets-supported Sn-Pt bimetallic nanoparticles (GNs/Sn-Pt) were prepared by precipitation method. The obtained GNs/Sn-Pt was used as a photocatalyst for photodegradation of Basic Green 5 (BG5) in aqueous solution under sunlight. The morphology and photodegradation study was performed by SEM and UV–VIS spectrophotometry, respectively. The SEM image showed the presence of Sn and Pt on GNs, being confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The photodegradation study of BG5 showed that the dye degradation increases as a function of irradiation time. The degradation of BG5 was found to be pH dependent and maximum degradation was found at higher pH. 相似文献
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Cost estimation of structural skeleton using an interactive automation algorithm: A conceptual approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper addresses a new concept for generating bills of quantities (B.o.Qs) using AutoCAD drawings for a building project, which demonstrates the application of Industry Foundation Class (IFC), developed by International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI). The procedure considers types of materials and the structural shapes of the AutoCAD drawings to compute the cost of the structural skeleton elements using interactive automation. The main concept focuses on using layer computation of the AutoCAD drawing after converting it into a drawing inter-exchangeable file format (DXF). Once the coordinates are detected, it is easier to determine the area and volume for any structural shape, including circles and polygons. The extracting method is a new technique for structural engineers and quantity surveyors to estimate required material for beam, columns, slabs and foundations. The algorithm extracts and recognizes the layers and objects from a two dimensional DXF drawing along with the coordinates information. The results obtained using this technique are more accurate and reliable than manual procedures or any other traditional techniques. In this paper, an automated and interactive procedure for B.o.Q computation is demonstrated. The process involves a user-friendly interface, dynamic linking to the structural drawings and tracking of B.o.Q modifications at the same time. 相似文献