Muscular synergy classification and myoelectric control using high-order cross-cumulants

High-order statistics (HOS) are well suited for describing non-Gaussian random processes. These techniques are increasingly being employed in myoelectric research, on both time and frequency domain techniques. This work presents HOS-based techniques using only HOS time domain features to classify myoelectric signals. The auto-, cross- and full- (joint) third-order cumulants are evaluated as EMG-signal feature vectors to be compared between them. Four surface EMG signals were processed for classify motions from the upper limbs. Synergy among channels is characterized by the features in both auto and cross modes, and their incidences for classifying five or six movements are analyzed. In contrast to the third-order auto-cumulants, it had been verified that the third-order cross-cumulants have the same classification rate by working with five or six movements. A myoelectric control scheme and its experimental application were executed with normal and disabled subjects, reaching a classification rates of 90%, in average. Accuracy in online experiments was similar to the off-line classification rate.

     

Thermogravimetric Study of Porous Forsterite Synthesis by Hydromagnesite and Silica Gel Chlorination

Silicon - A novel pyrometallurgical process for the synthesis of porous forsterite by calcination in chlorine of a mixture containing hydromagnesite and silica gel was developed. The aim of this...     

分离乙醇的过程

正本发明涉及到操作蒸馏塔分离乙醇混合物的过程,乙醇混合物含有乙醇和醋酸,该过程回收的乙醇含醋酸量小于700wppm。蒸馏塔的操作条件可以根据加料组分变化。具体说,过程提供了具有低醋酸浓     

Microdialysis and EEG in rats reveal cortical PGE2 changes during sleep and wakefulness

Prostaglandin (PG) E2 production was assessed in freely moving rats using the technique of microdialysis in the prefrontal cortex associated with parallel cortical EEG recordings. PGE2 concentrations were 40% higher during wakefulness than during slow wave sleep. PGE2 values varied during wakefulness with a maximal increase in the middle of the stage and a drop towards lower values before the occurrence of slow wave sleep. These variations were similar to those observed previously in the rostromedial hypothalamus, where PGE2 concentration was 2.6 times lower than that in the cortex. These data document a positive correlation between cortical EEG activation and PGE2 levels. Taken together with pharmacological data on the awakening effect of centrally administered PGE2, these observations are in favor of an involvement of PGE2 in the generation of wakefulness.     

Combined effect of obesity and aging on feeding-induced monoamine release in the rostromedial hypothalamus of the Zucker rat

OBJECTIVE: The obesity of the Zucker rat is associated with numerous metabolic and neurochemical disturbances involving the central transmitters regulating feeding behaviour. Among them, the release of satiety-related monoamines from the median hypothalamus in response to a meal is enhanced in obese, as compared to normal, rats as though larger amounts of these amines were necessary to bring about satiety in obese rats. Besides, the obese Zucker rat has often been described as shorter-living than its lean congener. One of the reasons for the shorter longevity of the obese rat was investigated in this study: it could be an aggravation of its obesity-related central disturbances with age. METHODS: We assessed the response to a meal of the hypothalamic monoamines, dopamine and serotonin, in young (four month old) and old (twelve month old) lean (Fa-Fa) and obese (fa-fa) Zucker rats. The in vivo technique of microdialysis was used to combine behavioural recordings and continuous neurochemical assays. RESULTS: The exacerbation of monoamine release observed in young obese rats in response to a meal was no longer found in old obese rats. Serotonin increase during a meal weakened with aging, especially in obese rats. Dopamine (DA) response to a meal was completely reversed in old obese rats, with a decrease instead of the increase observed in the three other groups. CONCLUSION: The decrease of monoaminergic response to a meal with age is apparently the opposite to the enhanced release related to obesity. However, this does not correspond to an amelioration of the hyperphagia of the obese rats with age, as we could observe in parallel behavioural experiments, but rather to a decrease in neurotransmitter metabolism and thus in neuronal functioning.     

Brain insulin response to feeding in the rat is both macronutrient and area specific

A spectrum of tracheo-esophageal anomalies has been described in an adriamycin-treated model with common features to the human pattern. Tracheal agenesis was part of this spectrum. It is a rare congenital anomaly that has not been described in embryos. Virgin timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with adriamycin i.p. at a dose of 2 mg/Kg on days 6-9 of gestation (plug day = day 0). Fetuses were recovered at term and histologic assessment of tracheo-esophageal anomalies was made. Also, embryos were removed on different gestational days and the embryology of these defects was analysed. Two out of sixty-two fetuses and nine out of 180 embryos were identified with tracheal atresia. Type III tracheal atresia was seen in the full-term fetuses with a tracheo-esophageal fistula arising from the origin of the left main bronchus. Day 13 embryos did not show normal tracheal development; instead, the lung buds developed from the ventral aspect of the foregut which continued to the stomach as a lower esophageal segment. A blind ending pouch was seen on the ventral aspect of the upper part of the foregut. The embryogenesis of tracheal atresia was similar to that of esophageal atresia except that the blind upper foregut pouch developed ventrally rather than dorsally.     

酯污染物经过水解生产乙醇的改进过程

正专利披露了通过水解降低粗乙醇产品中醋酸乙酯和二乙基乙缩醛浓度的过程。部分水从第一塔残留物的粗乙醇产品分离出来。第一塔馏出物中的醋酸乙酯水解形成附加的乙醇和醋酸。产品乙醇在第二蒸馏塔回收,优先以侧流回收,醋酸在第二塔残留     

Synthesis of forsterite by periclase and silica gel chlorination

In this work, forsterite was synthesized by thermal treatment in chlorine of a periclase and silica gel mixture. Calcination assays were carried out in Cl₂/N₂ and air atmospheres. The effects of temperature and reaction time on the reaction of synthesis were studied. The techniques used to characterize reagents and products were thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF). The experimental results showed that pure forsterite was obtained in Cl₂/N₂ atmosphere at 700°C for 60 minutes, while in air forsterite and enstatite were partially produced at 800°C for 60 minutes.