The technology of space plasma in-situ measurement on the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite

The China Seismo-Electromagnetic satellite(CSES) was designed to study the ionospheric disturbances associated with earthquakes. Satellite payload includes nine instruments. Among them, we recall instruments for plasma analysis, electric,magnetic fields and high energy particle detectors. Langmuir probe(LP) and plasma analyzer package(PAP) are the in-situ payloads to measure space plasma. Its scientific objective is to research space plasma physics phenomena and the ionosphere changes caused by seismic. It is the first application of in-situ measurement technology in the field of space exploration in China.The Langmuir probe and Plasma Analyzer Package have been tested and calibrated to verify the performance in INAF-IAPS.Currently, on-orbit testing is being performed with satellites.     

Morphology of the poly(vinyl alcohol)–poly(vinyl acetate) copolymer in macrodefect-free composites: a 13C magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance and 1H spin-diffusion study

A study was made of the macrodefect-free (MDF) composite based on aluminate cement and a poly(vinyl alcohol)–poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) copolymer by ¹³C cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. The spectra were run on both the copolymer and the MDF composite in order to observe the atomic environments of the carbon nuclei. An analysis of the intramolecular hydrogen bonds showed a stronger modification in the sample containing CaAl₂O₄ (CA) than in that containing Ca₃Al₂O₆ (C₃A). From the spectra, it was seen that deacetylation had occurred, and that there was interaction between acetate groups and the calcium and aluminium ions. Proton relaxation times both in the laboratory frame, T ₁(H), and in the rotating frame, T1ρ(H), were exploited for the study of the dimension of the polymer matrix in MDF composites. An extended interphase was identified in the composite containing CA. A comparison with the behaviour of the composite based on silicates Ca₃SiO₅–PVAc highlights the better mixing of the phases in the MDF composites containing CA. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A BASIC MODEL OF INTERACTING SUBJECTS

Abstract

In studying the problem of interaction between subjects, an approach which allows us to define in an unambiguous way the concepts of symmetrical, complementary and parallel interaction is proposed. This approach makes use of a point of view within which it is possible to develop a rational model based only on some fundamental elements of set theory and mathematical logic

The model allows us to develop a probabilistic theory of change, the representation basis of which is furnished by the 16 basic set functions. The functions represent operations on two partially overlapping sets, which will be called the “worlds”, of interacting subjects.. Both an interaction test that allows a “measure” of the relation parameters and the preliminary results of a dyadic interaction experiment are presented

Some remarks can be made from the results of the present experiment and from other similar ones. Among these there are evidences that the symmetrical, complementary and parallel classes of interactions belong to the same logical level and represent only some possible interaction classes.