Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a foodborne pathogen isolated from coastal waters of the United States, and from seafoods including fish. No information is available on the viability of V. parahaemolyticus on raw, chilled and frozen fish. A three‐strain mixture of V. parahaemolyticus was inoculated on fish fillets (pH 6.4) to obtain a bacterial load of 104 (high) or 103 (low) CFU/fillet, and stored at 4C or 8C for 9 days or at – 18C for seven weeks. At 4C and 8C, and at both levels of inoculation, V. parahaemolyticus survived on the fillets for the entire duration of the study. However, there was a significant reduction (P < 0.01) in V. parahaemolyticus population on the fillets by 9 days of storage. In the frozen fillets, there was a sharp decline (P < 0.01) in the population of V. parahaemolyticus by day 5 of storage. Although chilling and freezing significantly (P < 0.01) inactivated high numbers of V. parahaemolyticus on fish, they cannot be relied upon as a method to reduce V. parahaemolyticus on fish, since the time and magnitude of reduction depends on the initial load of the pathogen and the storage temperature.相似文献
The defect structure of monoclinic ZrO2 was studied by measuring the transfer numbers and electrical conductivity as functions of O2 pressure and temperature. The data suggest a defect structure of doubly ionized oxygen vacancies at low pressures, i.e. <10−19 atm, and singly ionized oxygen interstitials at pressures >10−9 atm. Zirconia is primarily an ionic conductor below #700°C and an electronic conductor at 700° to 1000°C for 10−22≤Po2≤1 atm. 相似文献
Over the last few years, there has been a rapid growth in digital data. Images with quotes are spreading virally through online social media platforms. Misquotes found online often spread like a forest fire through social media, which highlights the lack of responsibility of the web users when circulating poorly cited quotes. Thus, it is important to authenticate the content contained in the images being circulated online. So, there is a need to retrieve the information within such textual images to verify quotes before its usage in order to differentiate a fake or misquote from an authentic one. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is used in this paper, for converting textual images into readable text format, but none of the OCR tools are perfect in extracting information from the images accurately. In this paper, a method of post-processing on the retrieved text to improve the accuracy of the detected text from images has been proposed. Google Cloud Vision has been used for recognizing text from images. It has also been observed that using post-processing on the extracted text improved the accuracy of text recognition by 3.5% approximately. A web-based text similarity approach (URLs and domain name) has been used to examine the authenticity of the content of the quoted images. Approximately, 96.26% accuracy has been achieved in classifying quoted images as verified or misquoted. Also, a ground truth dataset of authentic site names has been created. In this research, images with quotes by famous celebrities and global leaders have been used. A comparative analysis has been performed to show the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.
A stable aqueous dispersion (5 mg ml?1) of graphene was synthesized by a simple protocol based on three-step reduction of graphene oxide (GO) dispersion synthesized using the modified version of Hummers and Offeman method. Reduction of GO was carried out using sodium borohydride, hydrazine hydrate and dimethyl hydrazine as reducing agents. The chemically synthesized graphene was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), optical microscopy. The stability of aqueous dispersions of graphene was confirmed through zeta potential measurements and the negative zeta potentials of 55–60 mV were obtained indicating the high stability of aqueous graphene dispersions. 相似文献
The free standing and dimensionally stable gel polymer electrolyte films of polyacrylonitrile (PAN): potassium iodide (KI) of different compositions, using ethylene carbonate as a plasticizer and dimethyl formamide as solvent, are prepared by adopting ‘solution casting technique’ and these films are examined for their conductivities. The structural, miscibility and the chemical rapport between PAN and KI are investigated using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry methods. The conductivity is enhanced with the increase in KI concentration and temperature. The maximum conductivity at 30°C is found to be 2.089 × 10?5 S cm?1 for PAN:KI (70:30) wt%, which is nine orders greater than that of pure PAN (< 10?14 S cm?1). The conductivity-temperature dependence of these polymer electrolyte films obeys Arrhenius behaviour with activation energy ranging from 0.358 to 0.478 eV. The conducting carriers of charge transport in these polymer electrolyte films are identified by Wagner’s polarization technique and it is found that the charge transport is predominantly due to ions. The better conducting sample is used to fabricate the battery with configuration K/PAN + KI/I2+ C + electrolyte and good discharge characteristics of battery are observed. 相似文献
Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) has been used to acquire crystal orientation information around unusual microcracks induced by tensile deformation of notched specimens of spheroidized A533B steel. This unusual fracture mode has been called quasi‐cleavage and occurs at relatively low temperatures with fracture energies below that of the upper shelf. EBSD measurements on sectioned samples showed that the quasi‐cleavage cracks were intragranular. A two‐dimensional analysis technique was used in which EBSD measured crystal orientations were combined with secondary electron imaging to obtain the trace of the crack facet on the section plane. The measurements revealed that the observed crack facets were consistent with crack propagation along the {001} and {011} planes. 相似文献
The present exercise is an attempt to generalize a probability model referring to the waiting time distribution for conception in a mixed group of fecund females with two varying levels of fecundity, based on a census sample truncated at time T =t from the date of resumption of fecundity following an earlier conception (Biswas, 1975, Sankhya, Series B, 37, Part III). The generalization is made in two aspects, viz. instead of fixed conception rates, time-dependent rates decreasing with the age of the woman have been used. Additionally, unlike the model of Biswas (1975) consisting of two different fecund groups, three different levels of fecundity have been taken into consideration in this paper. Estimates of the proportion of fecund females over time, viz. πi(t) (i = 1, 2, 3) are attempted by the method of maximum likelihood on the basis of a census sample truncated at time T = t under the generalized set up. 相似文献
The objective of this work is to study the cryogenic sheet metal forming behaviour of precipitation hardening AW-6016-T4. In this regard, the flow curves and forming limit curves were obtained by tension and Nakazima experimental testing methods in the temperature ranges from ?196 to 25 °C. It was found that strength and elongation increase with decreasing temperature. Small but perceived differences between microstructure of the material deformed at the room and cryogenic temperatures respectively were identified by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. However, no significant difference in the precipitation kinetics during continuous heating in the DSC has been observed. This study has demonstrated the potential of cryogenic forming by manufacturing a B-pillar part with 8 mm depth of side design element as compared to 6 mm at room temperature. 相似文献