Congenital deficiencies of protein S (PS) are associated with thrombophilia. Their characterization and classification have been hampered by the complex physiology of the protein C-protein S system and the poor standardization and reliability of laboratory assays. The free active form of protein S is usually determined by immunoassay using polyclonal antibodies in the plasma supernate after polyethyleneglycol (PEG) precipitation. A new one step ELISA using two monoclonal antibodies specific for distinct epitopes of the free form of protein S has been developed for the direct measurement of free PS in untreated plasma. We have tested two ELISA assays for free PS. One assay was based on the PEG precipitation (Asserachrom PS, Stago, Asnières, France) whereas the other was a one step ELISA assay (Asserachrom free PS, Stago). Values were obtained in 35 PS deficient patients recruited among 500 consecutive patients evaluated by the laboratory for diagnosis of congenital disorders of coagulation. Values were compared to those obtained in 50 patients with no PS deficiency matched for age and sex with the PS deficient patients as well as in 33 normal subjects and in 12 pregnant women. Strong correlation was found between the two tests (r = 0.81, p < 10(-5)) in the entire population (n = 130), as well as in the separate groups. The new one step ELISA was more accurate than the PEG free PS determination. Determination of PS activity and antigens allowed us to separate quantitative and qualitative deficiencies. Among the qualitative deficiencies, isolated decrease in PS activity was the most frequent defect observed (66%). This fact questions the substitution of PS activity assays by the one step antigenic free PS ELISA assay. 相似文献
Drought diagnosis and forecasting are fundamental issues regarding hydrological management in Spain, where recurrent water scarcity periods are normal. Land-surface models (LSMs) could provide relevant information for water managers on how drought conditions evolve. Here, we explore the usefulness of LSMs driven by atmospheric analyses with different resolutions and accuracies in simulating drought and its propagation to precipitation, soil moisture and streamflow through the system. We perform simulations for the 1980-2014 period with SASER (5 km resolution) and LEAFHYDRO (2.5 km resolution), which are forced by the Spanish SAFRAN dataset (at 5km and 30km resolutions), and the global eartH2Observe datasets at 0.25 degrees (including the MSWEP precipitation dataset). We produce standardized indices for precipitation (SPI), soil moisture (SSMI) and streamflow (SSI). The results show that the model structure uncertainty remains an important issue in current generation large-scale hydrological simulations based on LSMs. This is true for both the SSMI and SSI. The differences between the simulated SSMI and SSI are large, and the propagation scales for drought regarding both soil moisture and streamflow are overly dependent on the model structure. Forcing datasets have an impact on the uncertainty of the results but, in general, this impact is not as large as the uncertainty due to model formulation. Concerning the global products, the precipitation product that includes satellite observations (MSWEP) represents a large improvement compared with the product that does not.
Interactive visualization of volume models in standard mobile devices is a challenging present problem with increasing interest from new application fields like telemedicine. The complexity of present volume models in medical applications is continuously increasing, therefore increasing the gap between the available models and the rendering capabilities in low-end mobile clients. New and efficient rendering algorithms and interaction paradigms are required for these small platforms. In this paper, we propose a transfer function-aware compression and interaction scheme, for client-server architectures with visualization on standard mobile devices. The scheme is block-based, supporting adaptive ray-casting in the client. Our two-level ray-casting allows focusing on small details on targeted regions while keeping bounded memory requirements in the GPU of the client. Our approach includes a transfer function-aware compression scheme based on a local wavelet transformation, together with a bricking scheme that supports interactive inspection and levels of detail in the mobile device client. We also use a quantization technique that takes into account a perceptive metrics of the visual error. Our results show that we can have full interaction with high compression rates and with transmitted model sizes that can be of the order of a single photographic image. 相似文献
We present the design of a predictive load shedding scheme for a network monitoring platform that supports multiple and competing traffic queries. The proposed scheme can anticipate overload situations and minimize their impact on the accuracy of the traffic queries. The main novelty of our approach is that it considers queries as black boxes, with arbitrary (and highly variable) input traffic and processing cost. Our system only requires a high-level specification of the accuracy requirements of each query to guide the load shedding procedure and assures a fair allocation of computing resources to queries in a non-cooperative environment. We present an implementation of our load shedding scheme in an existing network monitoring system and evaluate it with a diverse set of traffic queries. Our results show that, with the load shedding mechanism in place, the monitoring system can preserve the accuracy of the queries within predefined error bounds even during extreme overload conditions. 相似文献
In this paper a wafer-level process is proposed to fully integrate carbon-based micro-supercapacitor onto silicon substrate.
This process relies on the deposition of a paste containing carbon, PVDF and acetone into cavities etched in silicon. After
electrolyte deposition in a controlled atmosphere, a wafer-level encapsulation is realized. Cyclic voltammetry performed on
non-encapsulated micro-components showed specific energy of 257 mJ cm−2 for 336 μm deep cavities. The specific encapsulation process developed was tested separately and proved to be efficient in
terms of resistance to organic electrolytes and mechanical strength. 相似文献