塔板布置的计算机辅助设计

提供了一种简单而有效的利用计算机辅助进行塔板布置的方法。给出了相应的计算内容和程序。有较好的通用性。适用于浮阀塔板和筛孔塔板。     

Unlocking the Capacity of Vanadium Oxide by Atomically Thin Graphene-Analogous V2O5·nH2O in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising due to their high theoretical energy density and intrinsic safety, and the natural abundance of Zn. Since low voltage is an intrinsic shortage of AZIBs, achieving super-high capacity of cathode materials is a vital way to realize high practical energy density, which however remains a huge challenge. Herein, the capacity increase of classical vanadium oxide cathode is predicted via designing atomic thickness of 2D structure to introduce abundant Zn²⁺ storage sites based on density functional theory (DFT) calculation; then graphene-analogous V₂O₅·nH₂O (GAVOH) with only few atomic layers is fabricated, realizing a record capacity of 714 mAh g⁻¹. Pseudocapacitive effect is unveiled to mainly contribute to the super-high capacity due to the highly exposed GAVOH external surface. In situ Raman and synchrotron X-ray techniques unambiguously uncover the Zn²⁺ storage mechanism. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are further introduced to design GAVOH-CNTs gel ink for large-scale cathode fabrication. The hybrid cathode demonstrates ultra-stable cycling and excellent rate capability and delivers a high energy density of 476 Wh kg⁻¹ at 76 W kg⁻¹; 228 Wh kg⁻¹ is still retained at high mass loading of 10.2 mg cm⁻². This work provides inspiration for breaking the capacity limit of cathode in AZIBs.     

干贝多糖的蛋白质脱除方式对抗氧化活性的影响

为比较蛋白质脱除方式对干贝多糖的组成、结构和抗氧化活性的影响,对热水辅助超声法提取的干贝柱多糖采用碱酶法、稀碱法、三氯乙酸(TCA)法、D-葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯(GDL)法4种方式脱蛋白质,并比较脱蛋白质后4组多糖的多糖质量分数、单糖组成、氨基酸组成、三螺旋结构、微观结构及体外抗氧化活性.结果表明:TCA组多糖的质量分数...     

感潮河段交汇区水流特性数值模拟 --以宁波三江口为例

河流交汇为城市的发展提供了便利,对区域防洪、航运及河道演变影响重大。针对感潮河段交汇区域特有的非恒定往复流条件,以宁波三江口为例,运用Delft-3D建立二维水动力数学模型。基于实测水文和地形资料,引入四种评估参数对模型进行了率定与验证。重点分析了洪、枯两季涨、落急时刻,交汇区流速分布及水面形态等水流特性。结果表明:涨潮时,交汇区流场可类比分叉水流;落潮时,则为交汇水流;交汇区顶点及左支入汇侧下游存在两个低流速区,并可形成分离区;汇流区流速整体呈落潮大于涨潮的趋势,洪、枯季间最大流速相近。此外,涨、落急时刻典型特征断面水面呈单一横比降,且落急时刻比降明显大于涨急时刻;落急时,交汇口水面呈混合层附近高,两侧低的"马鞍形"分布。     

Preparation of Al2O3-mullite thermal insulation materials with AlF3 and SiC as aids by microwave sintering

Al₂O₃-mullite composites were prepared under the synergy effect of AlF₃ and SiC aids by microwave heating. The phase composition, microstructure, porosity, flexural strength, thermal shock resistance, and thermal conductivity were investigated. The XRD results revealed that the content of mullite phase steadily increased with the increasing of AlF₃ content. The microstructure showed that the lower content (≤1 wt%) of AlF₃ led to the formation of granular mullite and the higher content (≥3 wt%) of AlF₃ led to the formation of mullite whiskers, which could form an interlocking structure. In addition, the SiC hot spots can also promote the generation of mullite whiskers by microwave sintering. The thermal shock resistance was significantly improved by the interlocking structure of mullite whiskers. The residual rate of flexural strength of the composite with 3 wt% AlF₃ was 86%. The composite with 3 wt% AlF₃ additives got its optimized thermal conductivity from 30°C to 950°C, the value was between 0.819 and 1.021 W/(mK), which possess excellent thermal insulation performance.     

羟丙基和磷酸酯化对不同玉米杂交种淀粉糊化特性的影响

采用了实验室方法提取了高直链、糯性和普通玉米杂交种的淀粉，并分别进行了羟丙基化和磷酸酯化反应。采用快速粘度分析仪（RVA）和差示扫描量热仪（DSC）分别分析了淀粉的糊化和热力学性质。结果表明：羟丙基化和磷酸酯化反应都不同程度地降低了所有淀粉的热焓值和糊化温度，缩短了出峰时间，增加了峰值粘度。二者相比，羟丙基化更显著地降低了原淀粉的糊化温度和热焓值，缩短了出峰时间；而磷酸酯化则更明显地提高了原淀粉的峰值粘度和终粘度．     

影响多晶硅质量的因素

在三氯氢硅加氢还原生产多晶硅过程中,影响产品品质的因素有:三氯氢硅提纯、三氯氢硅加氢还原和外来杂质等.多晶硅分析要求精度高而分析方法中存在不足,建议从整个多晶硅生产工艺来分析和判断多晶硅杂质产生的原因.     

Grain‐size–dependent dielectric properties in nanograin ferroelectrics

A series of ferroelectric ceramic models with grain and grain‐boundary structures of different sizes are established via Voronoi tessellations. A phase‐field model is introduced to study the dielectric breakdown strength of these ferroelectric ceramics. Afterward, the relation between the electric displacement and electric field and the hysteresis loop are calculated using a finite element method based on a classical and modified hyperbolic tangent model. The results indicate that as the grain size decreases, the dielectric strength is enhanced, but the dielectric permittivity is reduced. The discharge energy density and energy storage efficiency of these ferroelectric ceramics extracted from the as‐calculated hysteresis both increase along with a decrease in their grain size at their breakdown points. However, under the same applied electric field, the ferroelectric ceramic with a smaller grain size possesses a lower discharge energy density but a higher energy storage efficiency. The results suggest that ferroelectric ceramics with smaller grain sizes possess advantages for applications in energy storage devices.     

Design and fabrication of a silicon probe for surface profilers

A micromachining probe for surface profilers is reported in this paper. This probe employs single crystal silicon double-ended tuning forks (DETFs) as the sensitive unit to achieve high resolution and frequency read-out. The frequency shift of the DETFs caused by the induced axial stress is directly proportional to the undulation of the measured surface. Moreover, one-stage and two-stage microleverage amplification mechanisms are respectively implemented to improve the probe performance. The silicon on glass (SOG) process which can provide high aspect ratio single crystal silicon structures has been adopted to enhance the performance of the probes. The testing results indicate that the probe with two-stage mechanical amplifiers has a frequency-displacement sensitivity of 257.1 Hz/μm with a nominal frequency 27.3 kHz at room temperature in atmosphere, which is in close agreement with the simulation results.     

微生物产蛋白酶的研究进展

蛋白酶是目前应用最为广泛的工业化酶制剂,其产值占世界酶制剂总产值的60%,而工业上超过三分之二的蛋白酶来自于微生物发酵生产。本文对微生物产蛋白酶的工业化生产菌种、高产菌株的选育、酶学性质、分离纯化方法及在食品行业的应用进行了概述,以期对微生物产蛋白酶有更系统地了解,为进一步研究和发掘微生物产蛋白酶,促进蛋白酶的工业化生产奠定基础。