特高压GIS罐体对接焊缝的超声波检测

针对特高压GIS(气体绝缘组合电器)罐体X射线检测的缺陷,提出用超声波检测方法对特高压GIS焊缝进行无损检测,详细介绍了超声波检测工艺,检测实践表明,超声波检测能有效测出特高压GIS罐体焊缝的焊接质量缺陷。     

流道布置对风冷燃料电池性能影响的研究

风冷燃料电池在无人机上应用具有较大的优势,但其仍然面临着性能低、水热管理复杂等问题。采用数值模拟研究了阴阳极流道顺流、逆流以及交叉流布置方式对风冷燃料电池性能的影响,讨论了各物理量之间的耦合机制。研究发现阴极流道布置对风冷燃料电池关键物理量分布影响显著,受水含量分布不均影响,交叉流布置催化层中电流密度呈现孤立点状分布,相较于顺流流道布置与逆流流道布置,交叉流流道布置具有较好的热管理特性,能够显著提高膜电极中水含量,继而提升风冷燃料电池性能,在0.6 V操作电压下,交叉流流道布置电流密度相比较顺流流道设计提升了约20%,此外研究还发现,环境相对湿度的降低会显著降低风冷燃料电池性能。     

Creating Lithium‐Ion Electrolytes with Biomimetic Ionic Channels in Metal–Organic Frameworks

Solid‐state electrolytes are the key to the development of lithium‐based batteries with dramatically improved energy density and safety. Inspired by ionic channels in biological systems, a novel class of pseudo solid‐state electrolytes with biomimetic ionic channels is reported herein. This is achieved by complexing the anions of an electrolyte to the open metal sites of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which transforms the MOF scaffolds into ionic‐channel analogs with lithium‐ion conduction and low activation energy. This work suggests the emergence of a new class of pseudo solid‐state lithium‐ion conducting electrolytes.     

几何成像法在船-桥撞击测试中的应用

通过设计小车的尺寸、形状、撞击速度等撞击参数后,在不同情况下分别进行小车撞击桥墩的模型实验。采用摄像机记录船舶在撞击过程中空间位置的变化,运用MatLab软件对实验采集到的船舶运动图像进行数据分析处理,确定小车在整个撞击过程中的运动轨迹。同时在分别改变模型小车的质量、速度、重心位置、撞击角度后,对桥墩刚度进行实验,获取不同参数下的小车运行轨迹,并对各参数下的实验结果进行比较、分析,利用图像处理技术建立了确定物体运动轨迹系统的方法。     

轻化工程添加剂化学与工程方向发展与人才培养研究

本文介绍了轻化工程专业添加剂化学与工程方向的创立与发展,指出它顺应以产品为导向的技术发展趋势,是新时代轻化工专业中新颖而有活力、极具挑战、特色鲜明的重要方向,分析了添加剂化学与工程方向的人才培养模式和毕业生就业情况,并提出了一些建设性思考.     

Polymer-graphene nanocomposites as ultrafast-charge and -discharge cathodes for rechargeable lithium batteries

Electroactive polymers are a new generation of "green" cathode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. We have developed nanocomposites combining graphene with two promising polymer cathode materials, poly(anthraquinonyl sulfide) and polyimide, to improve their high-rate performance. The polymer-graphene nanocomposites were synthesized through a simple in situ polymerization in the presence of graphene sheets. The highly dispersed graphene sheets in the nanocomposite drastically enhanced the electronic conductivity and allowed the electrochemical activity of the polymer cathode to be efficiently utilized. This allows for ultrafast charging and discharging; the composite can deliver more than 100 mAh/g within just a few seconds.     

Symmetric growth of Pt ultrathin nanowires from dumbbell nuclei for use as oxygen reduction catalysts

This work demonstrates the synthesis of Pt ultrathin nanowires assisted by chromium hexacarbonyl [Cr(CO)₆]. The nanowires exhibit a uniform diameter of 2–3 nm. The length can reach up to several microns. It was found that Cr species produced dumbbell-like nuclei which play a pivotal role in the formation of the Pt nanowires. Such Pt nanowires can be tuned to nanocubes by simply decreasing the concentration of [Cr(CO)₆]. Compared to a commercial Pt/C catalyst (45 wt%, Vulcan, Tanaka) and Pt black (fuel cell grade, Sigma), the synthesized Pt nanowires exhibit superior performance in electrocatalytic oxygen reduction with a specific activity of 0.368 mA/cm², which was 2.7 and 1.8 times greater than that of Pt/C (0.138 mA/cm²) and Pt black (0.202 mA/cm²), respectively. The mass activity of Pt nanowires (0.088 mA/μg) is 2.3 times that of Pt black (0.038 mA/μg) and comparable to that of Pt/C (0.085 mA/μg).      

Conductivity and Oxidation Behavior of Fe-16Cr Alloy as Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Interconnect Under Long-Stability and Thermal Cycles

Conductivity and oxidation behavior of Fe-16Cr alloy were investigated under long-term stability operation at 750℃ and thermal cycles from room temperature to 750℃.The results showed that the area specific resistance (ASR) of Fe-16Cr alloy increased over time and reached about 56.29 mΩcm ~(2 )after 40,000 h of long-term stability operation at 750℃ by theoretical calculation.The ASR of Fe-16Cr remained about 11 mΩcm ~(2 )after 52 thermal cycles from room temperature to750℃.The analysis of structure showed that the oxidized phase on the surface of Fe-16Cr was mainly composed of Cr _(2 )O _3and Fe Cr _(2 )O _(4 )spinel phase under long-term stability operation at 750℃.While the Cr _(2 )O _(3 )phase was mainly observed on the surface of Fe-16Cr alloy after 52 thermal cycles,the oxidation rates of Fe-16Cr alloy were 0.0142μm h~(-1 )and 0.06μm cycle~(-1 )under long-term stability operation and under thermal cycle,respectively.The property of Fe-16Cr alloy with 2.6 mm thickness met the lifespan requirement of interconnect for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks.The Cr element all diff used onto oxidation surface,indicating that it was necessary to spray a coating on the surface to avoid poisoning cell cathode of SOFCs.Two 2-cell stacks were assembled and tested to verify the properties of Fe-16Cr alloy as SOFC interconnect under long-term stability operation and thermal cycle condition.     

幔枝构造对胶东地区金矿分布的控制

胶东地区是我国现今最重要的金矿集中区,金矿的产出总体受胶东地区几条主干断裂构造的控制。纵观胶东地区金矿数量及规模,发现胶东地区金矿分布存在不均衡性,表现为大型、特大型金矿床相对集中在胶西北地区,而胶东南地区金矿规模则相对较小。结合胶东地区区域构造背景、地层出露及构造展布特征,认为胶东地区金矿分布不均衡受幔枝构造控制,由于胶西北地处华北东部地幔热柱中心部位,自然成为最有利的成矿集中区。     

输电线路交流感应电压消除装置的研制

由于同塔架设的输电线路感应电压最高可达到几千伏,对线路试验人员和设备的安全构成很大的威胁。基于消弧线圈电感电流补偿电容电流的原理,设计一种电压倒相补偿且便于现场应用的线路交流感应电压消除装置,可抵消或抑制输电线路测试端的交流感应电压,同时装置的引入对线路绝缘定相试验基本无影响,在有较高交流感应电压的状态下仍可进行输电线路绝缘定相测试,并保证试验的安全性和数据的准确性。