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1.
Mark William Kennedy Kexu Zhang Robert Fritzsch Shahid Akhtar Jon Arne Bakken Ragnhild E. Aune 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2013,44(3):671-690
In the current study, the morphology including tortuosity, and the permeability of 50-mm thick commercially available 30, 40, 50, and 80 pores per inch (PPI) alumina ceramic foam filters (CFFs) have been investigated. Measurements have been taken of cell (pore), window, and strut sizes, porosity, tortuosity, and liquid permeability. Water velocities from ~0.015 to 0.77 m/s have been used to derive both first-order (Darcy) and second-order (Non-Darcy) terms for being used with the Forchheimer equation. Measurements were made using 49-mm “straight through” and 101-mm diameter “expanding flow field” designs. Results from the two designs are compared with calculations made using COMSOL 4.2a® 2D axial symmetric finite element modeling (FEM), as a function of velocity and filter PPI. Permeability results are correlated using directly measurable parameters and compared with the previously published results. Development of improved wall sealing (49 mm) and elimination of wall effects (101 mm) have led to a high level of agreement between experimental, analytic, and FEM methods (±0 to 7 pct on predicted pressure drop) for both types of experiments. Tortuosity has been determined by two inductive methods, one using cold-solidified samples at 60 kHz and the other using liquid metal at 50 Hz, giving comparable results. 相似文献
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3.
Dereje T. Asefa Solveig Langsrud Ragnhild O. Gjerde Cathrine F. Kure Maan S. Sidhu Truls Nesbakken Ida Skaar 《Food Control》2009,20(11):997-1001
Performances of SAS-super-180 air sampler and settle plates were investigated for the assessment of airborne fungal food contamination. Air samples were taken from processing rooms of a dry-cured production facility and outdoors. Fungal colonies and numbers of species were counted and compared. Quantitatively, the air sampler showed higher numbers of species and mean CFU/plate compared to settle plates. Qualitatively, the two methods showed similar dominating fungal genera and species associated with dry-cured meat products. The study showed settle plates could provide important qualitative information for food processing plants where airborne fungi associated with food products are the targets. 相似文献
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This paper presents a meta-analysis of studies that have evaluated the effects of an edgeline on speed and lateral position of motorised road users. Together with many other study characteristics, 41 estimates of the effects of an edgeline on speed and 65 on lateral position were extracted from the studies. The results of the evaluation studies show a great variety in effects. Both negative and positive effects on speed and lateral position were found; amongst others, increases in speed up to 10.6 km/h, as well as decreases in speed up to 5.0 km/h, and shifts of the lateral position towards the centre of the road up to 30 cm, as well as shifts towards the edge of the road up to 35 cm. Further analyses resulted in the determination of study characteristics that influence the effects of an edgeline on speed and lateral position. It is concluded that the effects of an edgeline on speed are related to the presence of a centreline. Applying an edgeline to a road without a centreline increases the speed of road users, and replacing a centreline by an edgeline decreases the speed. Results with respect to adding an edgeline to a road with a centreline were unclear. Another conclusion is that shoulder width and road environment contribute to the effects of an edgeline on lateral position. In combination with wide shoulders or buildings and/or trees next to the road, edgelines lead to shifts of the lateral position towards the edge of the road, and in combination with narrow shoulders or open fields, edgelines lead to shifts towards the centre of the road. 相似文献
6.
The model-driven architecture enables the deployment of software applications on different platforms. It is based on a pattern in which a platform-independent model is transformed into a platform-specific model, given a platform model (PM). Currently, the model transformations used for this task implicitly assume this PM, which makes it unclear whether a model transformation can be used for platforms other than the one assumed. In order to target very specific platforms and platform variants, model transformations must be reusable beyond their assumed platform. We propose an explicit PM that can be used to reason about platform dependencies of model transformations and their applicability to specific platforms. In addition, we show how PMs can be integrated in a model-driven configuration management framework. 相似文献
7.
Having a sequence diagram specification and a computer system, we need to answer the question: Is the system compliant with the sequence diagram specification in the desired way? We present a procedure for answering this question for sequence diagrams with underspecification and inherent nondeterminism. The procedure is independent of any concrete technology, and relies only on the execution traces that may be produced by the system. If all traces are known, the procedure results in either “compliant” or “not compliant”. If only a subset of the traces is known, the conclusion may also be “likely compliant” or “likely not compliant”. 相似文献
8.
Ricardo Morales Ragnhild E. Aune Seshadri Seetharaman Olle Grinder 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》2003,55(10):20-23
Molybdenum and tungsten are refractory metals in the elemental form with the largest production volume in the world. The fabrication
of these refractory metals, as well as their alloys and intermetallics, using high-temperature powder metallurgy (PM) is reviewed
in this article. The primary focus is on the role of traditional high-temperature PM in producing alloys with tailor-made
properties. An insight into the bulk production of molybdenum and tungsten alloys with nano-grains is highlighted.
For more information, contact R.E. Aune, Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, SE-100
44 Stockholm, Sweden;+46-8-790-8363;fax+46-8-790-0939;e-mail aune@mse.kth.se. 相似文献
9.
Ragnhild E. Aune Miyuki Hayashi Keiji Nakajima Seshadri Seetharaman 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》2002,54(11):62-69
The optimization of metallurgical processes requires reliable data of the slag phase. This paper focuses on three properties
that are relevant to heat and mass-transfer calculations — viscosities,thermal diffusivities, and surface tensions of silicate melts. A brief account of the experimental techniques used for the
measurements of these properties, with special reference to the work carried out in the Division of Metallurgy, Royal Institute
of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, are presented, along with the advantages and limitations. As these properties are structure-oriented,
the impact of structure on these properties is also presented. The paper is intended as a state-of-the-art review of the subject. 相似文献
10.
Marjan P. Hagenzieker Frits D. Bijleveld Ragnhild J. Davidse 《Accident; analysis and prevention》1997,29(6):759-777
The effects of campaigns using tangible incentives (rewards) to promote safety belt usage have been evaluated by means of a meta-analytic approach. Two coders extracted a total number of 136 short-term and 114 long-term effect sizes and coded many other variables from 34 journal articles and research reports. The results show a mean short-term increase in use rates of 20.6 percentage points; the mean long-term effect was 13.7 percentage points. Large scale studies report smaller effect sizes than small scale studies; when studies were weighted by the (estimated) number of observations, the weighted mean effect sizes were 12.0 and 9.6 percentage points for the short and long term, respectively. The main factors that influence the magnitude of the reported short-term effect of the programs were the initial baseline rate (which was highly correlated with the presence or absence of a safety belt usage law), the type of population involved, whether incentives were delivered immediately or delayed, and whether incentives were based on group or individual behaviour. Together these four variables accounted for 64% of the variance. Other variables, such as the duration of the intervention, the probability of receiving a reward, and the value of the reward were not related to the short-term effect sizes. The relationship between moderating variables and long-term effects was less clear. 相似文献