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In this study, white organic electroluminescent devices with microcavity structures were developed. A flexible high‐resolution active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode display with low power consumption using red, green, blue, and white sub‐pixels formed by a color‐filter method was fabricated. In addition, a side‐roll touch display was developed in combination with a capacitive flexible touch screen.  相似文献   
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Three circuit techniques for an 8.1-ns column-access 1.6-Gb/s/pin 512-Mb DDR3 SDRAM using 90-nm dual-gate CMOS technology were developed. First, an 8:4 multiplexed data-transfer scheme, which operates in a quasi-4-bit prefetch mode, achieves a 3.17-ns reduction in column-access time, i.e., from 11.3 to 8.13 ns. Second, a dual-clock latency counter reduces standby power by 22% and cycle time from 1.7 to 1.2 ns. Third, a multiple-ODT-merged output buffer enables selection of five effective-resistance values Rtt (20, 30, 40, 60, and 120 Omega) without increasing I/O capacitance. Based on these techniques, 1.6-Gb/s/pin operation with a 1.36-V power supply and a column latency of 7 was accomplished  相似文献   
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Realization of the national mass scale for the optimal coverage of the industrial need for the mass calibrations at the Estonian national metrology institute, AS Metrosert, is described. The cost effective technical solutions to meet the calibration requirements of the advised OIML class E1 weights have been established. The traceability to the International Prototype Kilogram, the measurement capability achieved, and the results of participation in international comparisons are described in detail. The actual need for the mass calibrations in Estonia with respect to the measurement capability of the laboratory is estimated.  相似文献   
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Claudin-2 (CLDN2), a component of tight junction, is involved in the reduction of anticancer drug-induced toxicity in spheroids of A549 cells derived from human lung adenocarcinoma. Fisetin, a dietary flavonoid, inhibits cancer cell growth, but its effect on chemosensitivity in spheroids is unknown. Here, we found that fisetin (20 μM) decreases the protein level of CLDN2 to 22.3%. Therefore, the expression mechanisms were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Spheroids were formed in round-bottom plates, and anticancer drug-induced toxicity was measured by ATP content. Fisetin decreased the phosphorylated-Akt level, and CLDN2 expression was decreased by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, suggesting the inhibition of PI3K/Akt signal is involved in the reduction of CLDN2 expression. Hypoxia level, one of the hallmarks of tumor microenvironment, was reduced by fisetin. Although fisetin did not change hypoxia inducible factor-1α level, it decreased the protein level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, a stress response factor, by 25.4% in the spheroids. The toxicity of doxorubicin (20 μM) was enhanced by fisetin from 62.8% to 40.9%, which was rescued by CLDN2 overexpression (51.7%). These results suggest that fisetin can enhance anticancer drug toxicity in A549 spheroids mediated by the reduction of CLDN2 expression.  相似文献   
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Synthetic α-tocopherol (α-Toc) contains equal amounts of eight different stereoisomers, and the four stereoisomers with the 2R configuration are generally more active than their correspoding 2S-isomers. We investigated the biodiscrimination of α-Toc stereoisomers during intestinal absorptionin situ andin vitro. Intestinal absorption of α-Toc stereoisomers was examinedin situ in vitamin E-deficient rats with cannulated thoracic ducts. We found that the ratios of α-Toc stereoisomers in lymph of the all-rac-α-Toc group were the same as the administered α-Toc stereoisomers, and 2R-isomers occupied approximately 50% of absorbed α-Toc. The uptake of α-Toc stereoisomers also was measured using Caco-2 cells cultured on filter membranes. The concentration ofRRR-α-Toc in Caco-2 cells was not significnatly different from that ofSRR-α-Toc. Therefore, the discrimination of α-Toc stereoisomers does not occur during absorption in small intestine, suggesting the liver as a source for the biodiscrimination.  相似文献   
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A top‐emission organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) with a microcavity structure combined with a blue/yellow tandem structure was developed. A high‐resolution active‐matrix OLED display with the world's lowest level of power consumption using the tandem OLED with red, green, blue, and yellow subpixels was fabricated.  相似文献   
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We established a method to simultaneously determine RRR- and SRR-α-tocopherol (α-Toc) and their quinones in biological samples by chiral-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). α-Toc had a shorter retention time than α-tocopherylquinones (α-TQ), and 2-ambo-α-Toc was completely separated into two peaks; the first peak was RRR-α-Toc and the second SRR-isomer by chiral HPLC connected Chiralcel OD-H column and Sumichiral OA4100 column. In contrast, of the two peaks of α-TQ, the first was the SRR-isomer. We also investigated differences in the distribution of RRR- and SRR-α-TQ in rat tissues after oral administration of 2-ambo-α-Toc by the above HPLC method. Rats deficient in vitamin E were divided into two groups, control and experimental, and tissues were collected at 3, 6, and 24 h after oral 2-ambo-α-Toc administration. The concentrations of RRR- and SRR-α-Toc and their quinones in plasma and each tissue were determined. The concentration of SRR-α-TQ in plasma and adrenal glands was not significantly different from RRR-α-TQ. However, the concentration of SRR-α-TQ in liver up to 6 h after oral administration was higher than that of RRR-α-TQ, and SRR- and RRR-α-TQ levels were similar at 24 h after oral administration. Therefore, we may assume that the formation of α-TQ in vivo was not different between RRR- and SRR-isomer and that it was not affected by the presence of α-Toc stereoisomers.  相似文献   
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Whenever we try to enhance the production yield, we have problems identifying the cause of invisible defects over the entire process, even more so for charge-coupled devices (CCD). This time, we utilized the Mahalanobis Taguchi System (MTS) method with several original techniques to identify the cause of failure in the wafer process. We calculated the historical data of CCDs process parameter and took several countermeasures. According to the results, we learned that the invisible defects corresponded to the contamination of organic matter and the front-end process's sensitivity.  相似文献   
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