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1.
We present a high speed optical profiler (HSOP) using frequency-scanning lasers for three-dimensional profile measurements of microscopic structures. To improve upon previous techniques for implementing the HSOP, we developed frequency-scanning lasers and a compact microscopic interferometer. The controller of the HSOP was also modified to generate proper phase-shifting steps. For measurements of step height specimens, the HSOP showed results comparable with a commercial optical profiler, even with much higher measurement speeds (up to 30 Hz). The typical repeatability of step height measurement was less than 1 nm. We also present measurements of microscopic structures to verify the HSOP's ability to perform high speed inline inspection for the semiconductor and flat-panel display industries. 相似文献
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Nguyen Thao Gopalan Nakul Patel Roma Corsaro Matt Pavlick Ellie Tellex Stefanie 《Autonomous Robots》2022,46(1):83-98
Autonomous Robots - Natural language object retrieval is a highly useful yet challenging task for robots in human-centric environments. Previous work has primarily focused on commands specifying... 相似文献
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Federico Aulenta Andrea Canosa Luigi De Roma Priscilla Reale Stefania Panero Simona Rossetti Mauro Majone 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2009,84(6):864-870
BACKGROUND: A bioelectrochemical process for trichloroethene (TCE) dechlorination was developed. In this new process, a solid‐state electrode polarized to ?450 mV versus the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), in combination with a redox mediator (i.e., methyl viologen, MV) is employed as an electron donor for the microbial reductive dechlorination of TCE. In this study we compared the performance of the process with the redox mediator immobilized at the surface of electrodes or dissolved in the bulk liquid, using both a culture highly enriched in Desulfitobacterium spp., capable of dechlorinating TCE to cis‐dichloroethene (cis‐DCE), and a culture highly enriched in Dehalococcoides spp. capable of dechlorinating cis‐DCE to ethene. RESULTS: Short‐term potentiostatic (?450 mV versus SHE) experiments showed that TCE or cis‐DCE was dechlorinated both in the presence of soluble (500 µmol L?1) and immobilized MV. However, TCE or cis‐DCE dechlorination rates with MV‐modified electrodes were remarkably lower than with soluble MV. Both cultures produced significant amounts of H2 in the presence of electrically reduced, soluble MV, whereas no H2 was produced when the mediator was immobilized at the electrode surface, regardless of the potential applied to the electrode, in the range ?425 to ?500 mV versus SHE. CONCLUSIONS: The process, operated with modified electrodes, supports the microbial dechlorination of TCE to ethene. Immobilization not only allows retention of the mediator within the system, but also increases process efficiency by preventing bioelectrochemical H2 formation. On the other hand, strategies to increase dechlorination rates with modified electrodes need to be developed. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Nodari EF Roma GC Furquim KC De Oliveira PR Bechara GH Camargo-Mathias MI 《Microscopy research and technique》2012,75(8):1012-1018
Ticks are ectoparasites of great medical and veterinary importance around the world and synthetic chemicals such as permethrin have been used for their control. This study provides a cytochemistry analysis of both degenerative and cell death processes in salivary glands of the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus semi-engorged females exposed to 206, 1,031, and 2,062 ppm of permethrin. The results presented herein demonstrate that permethrin is a potent chemical acaricide that would act on the glandular tissue's morphophysiology in this tick species by eliciting severe changes in the acinus shape, intense vacuolation of the acinar cells' cytoplasm, marked glandular tissue disorganization, culminating in an advanced degenerative stage with consequent formation of many apoptotic bodies (cell death). In addition, permethrin induced major changes in the acinar cells' nucleus, such as a change both in its shape and size, chromatin marginalization, nuclear fragmentation, and appearance of picnotic nuclei, especially when the highest concentrations of the product were used. Thus, permethrin induced early degeneration of this tissue characterized by significant changes in the structure of acinar cells and production of enzymes related to the cell death process, in addition to interfering directly in the genetic material of these cells. 相似文献
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Gislaine Cristina Roma Patrícia Rosa De Oliveira Andrea Mendez Araujo Gervásio Henrique Bechara Maria Izabel Camargo Mathias 《Microscopy research and technique》2012,75(12):1732-1736
Pyrethroids such as permethrin are synthetic compounds widely used in the agriculture of many countries to combat plagues and in domestic products, such as acaricides. Not so long ago these chemicals were characterized as non‐toxic for non‐target organisms; however, recent studies have showed that these compounds could present toxic potential for many organisms. In this sense, this study presents genotoxic and mutagenic potential of permethrin administered intraperitoneally in mice under artificial conditions by the use of micronucleus assay in the peripheral blood of these animals. The mice were divided into five groups: group I = negative control (distilled water), group II = positive control (cyclophosphamide), group III = 30% of permethrin LD50 (96 mg/kg), group IV = 50% of permethrin LD50 (160 mg/kg), and group V = 80% of permethrin LD50 (256 mg/kg). The peripheral blood was collected 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. Results showed that all the tested permethrin dosages presented genotoxic and mutagenic effects 24 h after treatment, which would contradict the classification of this chemical product as moderately toxic, i.e., unable to cause damages to the cell DNA. Microsc. Res. Tech. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献