Identification and Functional Analysis of MicroRNAs and Their Targets in Platanus acerifolia under Lead (Pb) Stress

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important regulatory roles in development and stress responses in plants. Lead (Pb) is a non-essential element that is highly toxic to living organisms. Platanus acerifolia is grown as a street tree in cities throughout temperate regions for its importance in improving the urban ecological environment. MiRNAs that respond to abiotic stresses have been identified in plants; however, until now, the influence of Pb stress on P. acerifolia miRNAs has not been reported. To identify miRNAs and predict their target genes under Pb stress, two small RNA and two degradome libraries were constructed from Pb-treated and Pb-free leaves of P. acerifolia seedlings. After sequencing, 55 known miRNAs and 129 novel miRNAs were obtained, and 104 target genes for the miRNAs were identified by degradome sequencing. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were performed to predict the functions of the targets. The expressions of eight differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). This is the first report about P. acerifolia miRNAs and their target genes under Pb stress. This study has provided data for further research into molecular mechanisms involved in resistance of P. acerifolia to Pb stress.     

基于电机二惯性特征的PID参数整定研究

基于永磁同步电机的二惯性特征对电机速度环PID控制参数的整定进行了研究,得到了固有频率为100 rad/s的系统在达到设定评价指标时的PID参数整定规律。为了简化过程,将多个变量归结为3个变量,分别是质量比x_1、频率比x_2和阻尼比x_3,并给出了基于仿真数据点的拟合公式。最后通过MATLAB验证了拟合公式在缩短参数调节时间方面的有效性。     

羟戊醛的合成工艺研究

以甲醛和异丁醛（IBAL）为原料,在碳酸钠催化作用下羟醛缩合合成羟戊醛。利用正交实验设计法和单因素法考察了催化剂用量、反应配比、反应时间以及反应温度对合成反应规律的影响,并由此确定了最佳反应条件：催化剂碳酸钠占甲醛物质的量分数为2．9％,nHCHO：nIBAL=1：1,反应时间5h,反应温度66℃。在此条件下产物收率可达87．6％,质量分数89．88％。采用红外光谱分析仪和色质联机对产物的结构进行了表征,验证了其结构与文献的一致性。     

Least absolute deviation estimation for general autoregressive moving average time‐series models

We study least absolute deviation (LAD) estimation for general autoregressive moving average time‐series models that may be noncausal, noninvertible or both. For ARMA models with Gaussian noise, causality and invertibility are assumed for the parameterization to be identifiable. The assumptions, however, are not required for models with non‐Gaussian noise, and hence are removed in our study. We derive a functional limit theorem for random processes based on an LAD objective function, and establish the consistency and asymptotic normality of the LAD estimator. The performance of the estimator is evaluated via simulation and compared with the asymptotic theory. Application to real data is also provided.     

循环一锅法合成高纯度大粒径螺二醇

以甲醛、异丁醛和季戊四醇为主要原料,在催化剂作用下利用循环一锅法合成螺二醇。通过正交优化实验,考察了物料配比、温度、反应时间、溶剂量以及催化剂对两步法合成螺二醇收率的影响,确定了合成螺二醇最佳工艺条件,在该适宜条件下,开发了循环一锅法的制备工艺,即n(甲醛):n(异丁醛):n(季戊四醇)=2.85:2.85:1,反应温度75℃,反应时间9 h,产品总收率和纯度可达95.4%和99.9%。采用~1HNMR和HPLC确定了螺二醇产品结构和纯度。     

循环-锅法合成高纯度大粒径螺二醇

以甲醛、异丁醛和季戊四醇为主要原料,在催化剂作用下利用循环一锅法合成螺二醇。通过正交优化实验,考察了物料配比、温度、反应时间、溶剂量以及催化剂对两步法合成螺二醇收率的影响,确定了合成螺二醇最佳工艺条件,在该适宜条件下,开发了循环-锅法的制备工艺,即n（甲醛）：n（异丁醛）：n（季戊四醇）=2．85：2．85：1,反应温度75℃,反应时间9h,产品总收率和纯度可达95．4％和99．9％。采用。HNMR和HPLC确定了螺二醇产品结构和纯度。     

离子色谱法测定食品添加剂磷酸二氢钙中的阴离子

目的 建立一种同时测定磷酸二氢钙中的F-、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-4种阴离子的分析方法.方法 以碳酸钠和氢氧化钠溶液为淋洗液,通过对淋洗液等色谱分析条件的优化,选择离子色谱法测定食品添加剂CaH2PO4中的阴离子,以标准物质保留时间定性,以外标法定量.结果 在优化的色谱条件下,4种离子的分离度好,检测灵敏度高;被测离子的浓度在一定范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r＞0.999.4种离子测定结果相对标准偏差均＜3％(n=9),平均加标回收率为80％～105％.结论 离子色谱法简便、灵敏、快速,能够满足同时测定CaH2PO4中4种阴离子含量的要求.     

一种新型绝对式多磁极磁电编码器

提出了一种绝对式多磁极磁电编码器的实现方案,采用线性霍尔和开关霍尔组合使用的方式去测量2组极对数互质的多磁极永磁体之间的位置关系和绝对角度。结合现有的磁电编码器成果,确定了磁电编码器的绝对角度计算方案。通过理论分析、作图分析以及与理论推导结合的方式确定了永磁体磁极的数量关系、霍尔元件的布置方式以及具体的磁极识别过程。并利用MATLAB软件模拟磁电编码器的工作过程,证明了绝对角度计算方案的可行性。     

A PARAMETER‐DRIVEN LOGIT REGRESSION MODEL FOR BINARY TIME SERIES

We consider a parameter‐driven regression model for binary time series, where serial dependence is introduced by an autocorrelated latent process incorporated into the logit link function. Unlike in the case of parameter‐driven Poisson log‐linear or negative binomial logit regression model studied in the literature for time series of counts, generalized linear model (GLM) estimation of the regression coefficient vector, which suppresses the latent process and maximizes the corresponding pseudo‐likelihood, cannot produce a consistent estimator. As a remedial measure, in this article, we propose a modified GLM estimation procedure and show that the resulting estimator is consistent and asymptotically normal. Moreover, we develop two procedures for estimating the asymptotic covariance matrix of the estimator and establish their consistency property. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the finite‐sample performance of the proposed procedures. An empirical example is also presented.