This paper presents an energy-efficient switching scheme for successive approximation register (SAR) analogue-to-digital converter (ADC). The proposed scheme employs charge recycling method to keep the capacitor arrays free of transitional energy between bit generations except reset phase. In comparison with the conventional switching scheme, the proposed one achieves 100% transitional energy saving without considering reset phase. In addition, configuration of a 10-bit SAR ADC shows that the proposed switching scheme reduces the capacitor area by 25% compared with the conventional switching scheme. 相似文献
P2P video streaming networks are found as a scalable solution and an alternative for traditional client–server based video
streaming over the Internet. One of the significant issues affecting the success of any P2P streaming network is cooperation
between peers. Practical observations have proved the prevalence of free riders in P2P networks that degrade their performance.
To solve this problem, using incentive mechanisms, which encourage peers to contribute more in the network, is necessary.
In this paper, we designed and proposed a distributed and scalable incentive mechanism for mesh based P2P video streaming
networks. In the proposed approach the contribution of the peers is measured and maintained in a distributed fashion. Furthermore,
we proposed an incentive sending side scheduler in which peers are served based on their contribution in the network. Our
simulation evaluations show the efficiency of the proposed approach in improving the overall perceived video quality by the
non-free rider nodes and consequently in the whole network. 相似文献
Analyzing videos and images captured by unmanned aerial vehicles or aerial drones is an emerging application attracting significant attention from researchers in various areas of computer vision. Currently, the major challenge is the development of autonomous operations to complete missions and replace human operators. In this paper, based on the type of analyzing videos and images captured by drones in computer vision, we have reviewed these applications by categorizing them into three groups. The first group is related to remote sensing with challenges such as camera calibration, image matching, and aerial triangulation. The second group is related to drone-autonomous navigation, in which computer vision methods are designed to explore challenges such as flight control, visual localization and mapping, and target tracking and obstacle detection. The third group is dedicated to using images and videos captured by drones in various applications, such as surveillance, agriculture and forestry, animal detection, disaster detection, and face recognition. Since most of the computer vision methods related to the three categories have been designed for real-world conditions, providing real conditions based on drones is impossible. We aim to explore papers that provide a database for these purposes. In the first two groups, some survey papers presented are current. However, the surveys have not been aimed at exploring any databases. This paper presents a complete review of databases in the first two groups and works that used the databases to apply their methods. Vision-based intelligent applications and their databases are explored in the third group, and we discuss open problems and avenues for future research.
A composite nanofiltration membrane was developed by a poly(acrylic acid) in situ ultraviolet (UV) graft polymerization process using an ultrafiltration polysulfone membrane as a porous support, by a phase inversion method. SEM images showed that the PSf membranes had numerous finger-like pores. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that the roughness of the surface was reduced by an increase in UV irradiation times. The rejections of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate were moderate and declined with the increase of concentration. We observed that by increasing UV irradiation time and nanofiltration pressure applied, retention of dyes was enhanced and in the most irradiated membrane (M-4 membrane) at 4 bars, color removal with a high rejection of about 99.80% was achieved. It was found that the separation efficiency of dyes in the mixture of salt and dyes decreased with the salt concentration due to a decrease in the Donnan effect. It was also found that by varying the pH, the membrane surface and the dyes' charges are changed, which meant that the membrane surface and dyes had different interactions at various pHs. 相似文献
Journal of Electroceramics - In this research, hard/soft CoFe2O4/Ni magnetic nanocomposite samples with different concentrations of Ni were successfully produced by a two-step mechanical alloying... 相似文献
The widespread usage of image fusion causes an increase in the importance of assessing the performance of different fusion algorithms. The problem of introducing a suitable quality measure for image fusion lies in the difficulty of defining an ideal fused image. In this paper, we propose a non-reference objective image fusion metric based on mutual information which calculates the amount of information conducted from the source images to the fused image. The considered information is represented by image features like gradients or edges, which are often in the form of two-dimensional signals. In this paper, a method of estimating the joint probability distribution from marginal distributions is also presented which is employed in calculation of mutual information. The proposed method is compared with the most popular existing algorithms. Various experiments, performed on several databases, certify the efficiency of our proposed method which is more consistent with the subjective criteria. 相似文献
Due to the massive amount of heterogeneous information on the web, insufficient and vague user queries, and use of the same query by different users for different aims, the information retrieval process deals with a huge amount of uncertainty and doubt. Under such circumstances, designing an efficient retrieval function and ranking algorithm by which the most relevant results are provided is of the greatest importance. In this paper, a learning automata-based ranking function discovery algorithm in which different sources of information are combined is proposed. In this method, the learning automaton is used to adjust the portion of the final ranking that is assigned to each source of evidence based on the user feedback. All sources of information are first given the same importance. The proportion of a given source increases, if the documents provided by this source are reviewed by the user and decreases otherwise. As the proposed algorithm proceeds, the probability of appearance of each source in the final ranking gets proportional to its relevance to the user queries. Several simulation experiments are conducted on well-known data collections and query types to show the performance of the proposed algorithm. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms several existing methods in terms of precision at position n, mean average precision, and normalized discount cumulative gain. 相似文献
We have investigated the contact between a metal and an organic/polymeric (o/p) material and we have introduced a relation for carrier injection using Bardeen theory. A series of narrow barriers is considered in the semiconductor side to account for the localized nature of the carriers in the o/p material. As an application of the model, we have calculated the hopping rate of carriers in terms of the contact parameters. Also, we have discussed the hopping of carriers deep into the organic dielectric. Finally, we have explored the hopping rate in practical contacts between polyfluorene-based polymers and different electrodes. 相似文献
A multi-objective optimal phasor measurement unit placement model using integer linear programming is presented in this article. The proposed model simultaneously optimizes two objectives, i.e., minimization of phasor measurement unit numbers and maximization of measurement redundancy. To calculate the redundancy criteria, the single-line outage and the phasor measurement unit loss are considered simultaneously. A linear formulation is presented for both objective functions. Also herein, to address conflicting attributes and identify Pareto optimal solutions of the multi-objective optimal phasor measurement unit placement problem, a new multi-objective mathematical programming method is proposed. Finally, a new index, i.e., minimum distance to utopia point, is implemented to select the most preferred solution among the available Pareto front based options on the goal to achieve judicious decision makers. Two test systems, i.e., a modified 9-bus and an IEEE 118-bus test systems, are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. 相似文献