Guilty knowledge technique: Application of signal detection measures.

Applied procedures for the computation of optimal cutoff points suggested by signal detection theory to an information detection situation with 60 undergraduates. The use of different payoff matrices relevant to a security screening situation and to a criminal court case produces different cutoff points to be used to classify the GSRs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Expression of Ly-6, a marker for highly malignant murine tumor cells, is regulated by growth conditions and stress

Bradykinin-induced responses were studied in isolated porcine iliac arteries. Relaxation was endothelium dependent and seen at low concentrations (10(-10)-10(-8) M) of bradykinin. It was inhibited by the bradykinin B2-receptor antagonist icatibant (HOE-140) and by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nomega-nitro-L-arginine. Bradykinin-induced relaxation was significantly potentiated by the kininase I carboxypeptidase inhibitor mergepta (10(-6) M). Bradykinin (>10(-7) M) elicited contraction of preparations with or without endothelium. The contraction was abolished by indomethacin but was not affected by the thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2-receptor antagonist SQ 29,548. Icatibant and the bradykinin B1-receptor antagonist desArg9[Leu8]bradykinin significantly decreased bradykinin-induced contraction regardless of endothelial function. The contraction also was decreased by treatment with mergepta. The bradykinin B1-receptor agonist desArg9-bradykinin contracted endothelium-denuded arterial strips. This contraction was significantly decreased by desArg9[Leu8]bradykinin but not by icatibant. The desArg9-bradykinin-induced contraction also was inhibited by the protein-synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Neither bradykinin-induced relaxation nor contraction was affected by the ACE inhibitors enalaprilat or cilazaprilat. In conclusion, bradykinin-induced relaxation of isolated porcine iliac arteries was mediated by endothelial bradykinin B2 receptors and mainly nitric oxide. Bradykinin-induced contraction was endothelium independent, indomethacin sensitive, and probably mediated by bradykinin B1 (inducible) and B2 receptors located in the vascular smooth-muscle layer. Kininase I carboxypeptidase, and not ACE, is the main enzyme responsible for bradykinin degradation in these vessels.     

Circumventing tolerance to generate autologous monoclonal antibodies to the prion protein

Prion diseases are disorders of protein conformation and do not provoke an immune response. Raising antibodies to the prion protein (PrP) has been difficult due to conservation of the PrP sequence and to inhibitory activity of alpha-PrP antibodies toward lymphocytes. To circumvent these problems, we immunized mice in which the PrP gene was ablated (Prnp 0/0) and retrieved specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) through phage display libraries. This approach yielded alpha-PrP mAbs that recognize mouse PrP. Studies with these mAbs suggest that cellular PrP adopts an unusually open structure consistent with the conformational plasticity of this protein.     

A partition on a Bernoulli shift which is not weakly Bernoulli

In an attempt to further classifyK-automorphism D. Ornstein suggested (orally) a stronger mixing property calledweak Bernoulli (together with N. Friedman he proved that if a generator has this property then the transformation is isomorphic to a Bernoulli shift). I show that in a Bernoulli shift there is a partition which is not weak Bernoulli. I use the following theorem: The shift on a regular stationary Gaussian process is isomorphic to a Bernoulli shift.Research sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Office of Aerospace Research, United States Air Force, under Grant AF-AROSR-1312-67. Present address: Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England.     

A note on the online First-Fit algorithm for coloring k-inductive graphs

In a FOCS 1990 paper, S. Irani proved that the First-Fit online algorithm for coloring a graph uses at most O(klogn) colors for k-inductive graphs. In this note we provide a very short proof of this fact.     

Strong Conflict-Free Coloring for Intervals

We consider the \(k\) -strong conflict-free ( \(k\) -SCF) coloring of a set of points on a line with respect to a family of intervals: Each point on the line must be assigned a color so that the coloring is conflict-free in the following sense: in every interval \(I\) of the family there are at least \(k\) colors each appearing exactly once in \(I\) . We first present a polynomial-time approximation algorithm for the general problem; the algorithm has approximation ratio 2 when \(k=1\) and \(5-\frac{2}{k}\) when \(k\ge 2\) . In the special case of a family that contains all possible intervals on the given set of points, we show that a 2-approximation algorithm exists, for any \(k \ge 1\) . We also provide, in case \(k=O({{\mathrm{polylog}}}(n))\) , a quasipolynomial time algorithm to decide the existence of a \(k\) -SCF coloring that uses at most \(q\) colors.     

An evaluation of polygraphers' judgments: A review from a decision theoretic perspective.

Reexamined data from 7 field studies to estimate the discriminability of the control questions technique (CQT) in real-life situations. A signal detection model was applied, and an attempt was made to derive the value system of the polygraphers who participated. It was demonstrated that under an assumption of rationality, the examiners tended to value the detection of guilty suspects highly, even in the presence of a high risk of falsely classifying innocent suspects as deceptive. An index of usefulness of the CQT-based evaluation system was defined, and the CQT's range of usefulness was examined as a function of operating costs, possible payoff ratios, and prior probabilities of guilt. It is unlikely that the CQT method of lie detection would be useful for determining guilt in a court of law or even for preemployment screening, although it might be useful for police investigative procedures. (30 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Validity of the guilty knowledge technique in a prisoner's sample.

Evaluated the guilty knowledge technique as a detector of knowledge held by 30 prisoners in a maximum security prison in Israel. In an initial interview, Ss responded to 20 questions designed to elicit personal responses or items. During a later interrogation, Ss were presented verbally with (a) the same 20 questions and (b) 5 alternative responses including their own personal response and 4 neutral control responses. During the interrogation, Ss listened quietly while their GSRs were monitored. On the basis of the GSR data, a significant proportion (p