A simple and cost-effective method for fabrication of integrated electronic-microfluidic devices using a laser-patterned PDMS layer

We report a simple and cost-effective method for fabricating integrated electronic-microfluidic devices with multilayer configurations. A CO₂ laser plotter was employed to directly write patterns on a transferred polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer, which served as both a bonding and a working layer. The integration of electronics in microfluidic devices was achieved by an alignment bonding of top and bottom electrode-patterned substrates fabricated with conventional lithography, sputtering and lift-off techniques. Processes of the developed fabrication method were illustrated. Major issues associated with this method as PDMS surface treatment and characterization, thickness-control of the transferred PDMS layer, and laser parameters optimization were discussed, along with the examination and testing of bonding with two representative materials (glass and silicon). The capability of this method was further demonstrated by fabricating a microfluidic chip with sputter-coated electrodes on the top and bottom substrates. The device functioning as a microparticle focusing and trapping chip was experimentally verified. It is confirmed that the proposed method has many advantages, including simple and fast fabrication process, low cost, easy integration of electronics, strong bonding strength, chemical and biological compatibility, etc.     

案例教学法在计算机网络课程教学中的应用

针对计算机网络课程的理论性、实践性和抽象性等特点,提出计算机网络课程案例教学法的可行性方案及其应用。通过TCP/IP协议族分层的原因和IP地址存在的原因和作用这两个具体的教学案例,开展具体的案例教学活动。分析表明,案例教学法在计算机网络课程教学中非常有效,应该进行推广和实施。     

Improved concentration and separation of particles in a 3D dielectrophoretic chip integrating focusing, aligning and trapping

This article presents a dielectrophoresis (DEP)-based microfluidic device with the three-dimensional (3D) microelectrode configuration for concentrating and separating particles in a continuous throughflow. The 3D electrode structure, where microelectrode array are patterned on both the top and bottom surfaces of the microchannel, is composed of three units: focusing, aligning and trapping. As particles flowing through the microfluidic channel, they are firstly focused and aligned by the funnel-shaped and parallel electrode array, respectively, before being captured at the trapping unit due to negative DEP force. For a mixture of two particle populations of different sizes or dielectric properties, with a careful selection of suspending medium and applied field, the population exhibits stronger negative DEP manipulated by the microelectrode array and, therefore, separated from the other population which is easily carried away toward the outlet due to hydrodynamic force. The functionality of the proposed microdevice was verified by concentrating different-sized polystyrene (PS) microparticles and yeast cells dynamically flowing in the microchannel. Moreover, separation based on size and dielectric properties was achieved by sorting PS microparticles, and isolating 5 μm PS particles from yeast cells, respectively. The performance of the proposed micro-concentrator and separator was also studied, including the threshold voltage at which particles begin to be trapped, variation of cell-trapping efficiency with respect to the applied voltage and flow rate, and the efficiency of separation experiments. The proposed microdevice has various advantages, including multi-functionality, improved manipulation efficiency and throughput, easy fabrication and operation, etc., which shows a great potential for biological, chemical and medical applications.     

A novel method to construct 3D electrodes at the sidewall of microfluidic channel

We report a simple, low-cost and novel method for constructing three-dimensional (3D) microelectrodes in microfluidic system by utilizing low melting point metal alloy. Three-dimensional electrodes have unique properties in application of cell lysis, electro-osmosis, electroporation and dielectrophoresis. The fabrication process involves conventional photolithography and sputtering techniques to fabricate planar electrodes, positioning bismuth (Bi) alloy microspheres at the sidewall of PDMS channel, plasma bonding and low temperature annealing to improve electrical connection between metal microspheres and planar electrodes. Compared to other fabrication methods for 3D electrodes, the presented one does not require rigorous experimental conditions, cumbersome processes and expensive equipments. Numerical analysis on electric field distribution with different electrode configurations was presented to verify the unique field distribution of arc-shaped electrodes. The application of 3D electrode configuration with high-conductive alloy microspheres was confirmed by particle manipulation based on dielectrophoresis. The proposed technique offers alternatives to construct 3D electrodes from 2D electrodes. More importantly, the simplicity of the fabrication process provides easy ways to fabricate electrodes fast with arc-shaped geometry at the sidewall of microchannel.     

Passive Picoinjection Enables Controlled Crystallization in a Droplet Microfluidic Device

Segmented flow microfluidic devices offer an attractive means of studying crystallization processes. However, while they are widely employed for protein crystallization, there are few examples of their use for sparingly soluble compounds due to problems with rapid device fouling and irreproducibility over longer run‐times. This article presents a microfluidic device which overcomes these issues, as this is constructed around a novel design of “picoinjector” that facilitates direct injection into flowing droplets. Exploiting a Venturi junction to reduce the pressure within the droplet, it is shown that passive injection of solution from a side‐capillary can be achieved in the absence of an applied electric field. The operation of this device is demonstrated for calcium carbonate, where highly reproducible results are obtained over long run‐times at high supersaturations. This compares with conventional devices that use a Y‐junction to achieve solution loading, where in‐channel precipitation of calcium carbonate occurs even at low supersaturations. This work not only opens the door to the use of microfluidics to study the crystallization of low solubility compounds, but the simple design of a passive picoinjector will find wide utility in areas including multistep reactions and investigation of reaction dynamics.     

基于OPC规范的客户应用程序实现

介绍了过程控制领域中引进的一种新技术—OPC数据访问标准，论述了OPC相关概念、基础及OPC标准接口，并以OPC数据访问定制接口规范(1．0A)为蓝本，给出了利用Visual C 实现OPC客户应用程序的详细步骤。     

钢纤维轻骨料混凝土单轴受压应力-应变曲线研究

采用100%烧结膨胀页岩陶粒作为粗细骨料,以占胶凝材料总质量20%的粉煤灰等质量替代水泥作为胶凝材料,按绝对体积直接计算法设计并制备了钢纤维全轻混凝土。以水泥强度等级（42.5和52.5）、钢纤维体积率（0%、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%）为参数,进行了钢纤维全轻混凝土轴心抗压试验研究,分析了钢纤维全轻混凝土单轴受压破坏形态及其应力-应变曲线特征。结果表明：钢纤维全轻混凝土单轴受压应力-应变曲线的峰值应力及其对应应变随钢纤维体积率和水泥强度等级的提高呈现增大趋势;钢纤维体积率的增加使试件的破坏形态由脆性向塑性转变。结合相关文献研究成果,对轻骨料混凝土（砂轻混凝土、全轻混凝土）和钢纤维轻骨料混凝土（钢纤维砂轻混凝土、钢纤维全轻混凝土）单轴受压应力-应变曲线进行了综合分析,提出了两类混凝土单轴受压应力-应变曲线统一计算模型及其特征点计算公式。     

外填充墙对高层住宅剪力墙结构受力性能影响分析

采用PKPM软件研究了外填充墙受力方式和材料变化对高层住宅剪力墙结构受力性能的影响规律.分析结果表明:外围加气混凝土砌体填充墙全改为钢筋混凝土剪力墙而形成的全现浇外墙剪力墙结构,可以增加原外围加气混凝土砌体填充墙结构的整体刚度,减小原外围加气混凝土砌体填充墙结构的总侧移;两个主轴方向增加的外剪力墙数量差别较大时,有可能...     

露天爆破智能设计系统开发及应用

为了提高露天台阶爆破设计的规范化、便捷性,对露天台阶爆破设计系统进行了开发研究。以Visual C++为开发平台,软件采用MFC框架,结合OpenGL三维引擎开发技术,实现软件从底层自主开发生态的建立。通过现场工程实践应用表明爆破设计人员可以轻松通过本系统实现三维环境下的布孔设计和爆破网络设计以及精确的GPS布孔,并取得了良好的爆破效果,提高了台阶爆破的设计质量和设计速度。爆破智能设计系统能够实现矿山爆破设计的数字化、科学化、自动化和高效化,对于露天爆破具有十分重要的意义。