Combined simulation–optimization (CSO) schemes are common in the literature to solve different groundwater management problems, and CSO is particularly well-established in the coastal aquifer management literature. However, with a few exceptions, nearly all previous studies have employed the CSO approach to derive static groundwater management plans that remain unchanged during the entire management period, consequently overlooking the possible positive impacts of dynamic strategies. Dynamic strategies involve division of the planning time interval into several subintervals or periods, and adoption of revised decisions during each period based on the most recent knowledge of the groundwater system and its associated uncertainties. Problem structuring and computational challenges seem to be the main factors preventing the widespread implementation of dynamic strategies in groundwater applications. The objective of this study is to address these challenges by introducing a novel probabilistic Multiperiod CSO approach for dynamic groundwater management. This includes reformulation of the groundwater management problem so that it can be adapted to the multiperiod CSO approach, and subsequent employment of polynomial chaos expansion-based stochastic dynamic programming to obtain optimal dynamic strategies. The proposed approach is employed to provide sustainable solutions for a coastal aquifer storage and recovery facility in Oman, considering the effect of natural recharge uncertainty. It is revealed that the proposed dynamic approach results in an improved performance by taking advantage of system variations, allowing for increased groundwater abstraction, injection and hence monetary benefit compared to the commonly used static optimization approach.
Mosaicing is connecting two or more images and making a new wide area image with no visible seam-lines. Several algorithms
have been proposed to construct mosaics from image sequence where the camera motion is more or less complex. Most of these
methods are based either on the interest points matching or on theoretical corner models. This paper describes a fully automated
image-mosaicing method based on the regions and the Harris points primitives. Indeed, in order to limit the search window
of potential homologous points, for each point of interest, regions segmentation and matching steps are being performed. This
enables us to improve the reliability and the robustness of the Harris points matching process by estimating the camera motion.
The main originality of the proposed system resides in the preliminary manipulation of regions matching, thus making it possible
to estimate the rotation, the translation and the scale factor between two successive images of the input sequence. This estimation
allows an initial alignment of the images along with the framing of the interest points search window, and therefore reducing
considerably the complexity of the interest points matching algorithm. Then, the resolution of a minimization problem, altogether
considering the couples of matched-points, permits us to perform the homography. In order to improve the mosaic continuity
around junctions, radiometric corrections are applied. The validity of the herewith described method is illustrated by being
tested on several sequences of complex and challenging images captured from real-world indoor and outdoor scenes. These simulations
proved the validity of the proposed method against camera motions, illumination variations, acquirement conditions, moving
objects and image noise. To determine the importance of the regions matching stage in motion estimation, as well as for the
framing of the search window associated to a point of interest, we compared the matching points results of this described
method with those produced using the zero-mean normalized cross correlation score (without regions matching). We made this
comparison in the case of a simple motion (without the presence of a rotation around optical axis and/or a scale factor),
in the case of a rotation and in the general case of an homothety. For justifying the effectiveness of this method, we proposed
an objective assessment by defining a reconstruction error.
In this paper, we propose a novel Route Maintenance scheme for IEEE 802.11 wireless mesh networks. Despite lack of mobility and energy constraints, reactive routing protocols such as AODV and DSR suffer from frequent route breakages in 802.11 based infrastructure wireless mesh networks. In these networks, if any intermediate node fails to successfully transmit a packet to the next hop node after a certain number of retransmissions, the link layer reports a transmission problem to the network layer. Reactive routing protocols systematically consider this as a link breakage (and therefore a route breakage). Transmission failures can be caused by a number of factors e.g. interference or noise and can be transient in nature. Frequent route breakages result in significant performance degradation. The proposed mechanism considers multiple factors to differentiate between links with transient transmission problems from those links which have permanent transmission problems and takes a coherent decision on link breakage. The proposed mechanism is implemented in AODV for single-radio single-channel mesh network and an extension is incorporated in multi-radio multi-channel scenarios. Simulation results show substantial performance improvement compared to classical AODV and local route repair schemes. 相似文献
We have investigated the effect of iron substitution on the magnetocaloric properties of manganites with La0.75Ca0.08Sr0.17Mn1?xFexO3 (x=0, 0.075, 0.15, 0.175, and 0.2) nominal composition. The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) was estimated, in terms of isothermal magnetic entropy change (???SM), using the M(T,??0H) data and employing the thermodynamic Maxwell equation. The large magnetic entropy in AMn1?xFexO3 is attributed to the field-induced suppression of short-range charge-orbital ordering and antiferromagnetic fluctuations present above TC. The increase of the Fe concentration x is accompanied by a decrease of (???SM), from 5.205 to 0.95?J/kg?K for x=0 and 0.20, respectively, with ??0H=5?T. For all samples, we find quite large values of (???SM), which are very close to that provided for Gd, the prototypical magnetocaloric material. 相似文献
A new Er2Mn2O7 compound was synthesized by the ceramic method and its crystal structure was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The magnetic properties were investigated using a BS2 magnetometer and the heat capacity was studied using a quantum design (PPMS). The structural study revealed that this compound was monophasic and crystallized in the monoclinic system with the P2/M space group. Magnetization measurements were carried out in the temperature range of 1.8-200 K under an applied magnetic field of 0.05 T. A crossover from a room temperature paramagnetic phase to an antiferromagnetic one at low temperature was detected from the magnetic study. The magnetic susceptibility, in the paramagnetic region above 40 K, was found to present a simple Curie-Weiss type behavior. From the specific heat (CP) measurements in magnetic fields up to 5 T, we noted the presence of a wide peak characteristic of a second order mag-neto-structural transition. 相似文献