Sarcopenia is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with advancing age. It involves both complex genetic and modifiable risk factors, such as lack of exercise, malnutrition and reduced neurological drive. Cognitive decline refers to diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual functioning. Contracting skeletal muscle is a major source of neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which regulate synapses in the brain. Furthermore, skeletal muscle activity has important immune and redox effects that modify brain function and reduce muscle catabolism. The identification of common risk factors and underlying mechanisms for sarcopenia and cognition may allow the development of targeted interventions that slow or reverse sarcopenia and also certain forms of cognitive decline. However, the links between cognition and skeletal muscle have not been elucidated fully. This review provides a critical appraisal of the literature on the relationship between skeletal muscle health and cognition. The literature suggests that sarcopenia and cognitive decline share pathophysiological pathways. Ageing plays a role in both skeletal muscle deterioration and cognitive decline. Furthermore, lifestyle risk factors, such as physical inactivity, poor diet and smoking, are common to both disorders, so their potential role in the muscle–brain relationship warrants investigation. 相似文献
A special unilateral NMR sensor has been designed for investigations of thin samples with a thickness of less than 1 mm and of surface effects of polymers. For use with the bar‐magnet NMR‐MOUSE®, the so‐called “crazy coil” is introduced with a low penetration depth. It is a flat meander coil etched on a printed circuit board with wiggles in the conductors. The design of the new coil and FEM simulations of the B1 field are presented. Different applications are discussed by means of illustrative examples. They are the detection of surface damage in rubber samples, the swelling and drying of a latex membrane exposed to cyclohexane vapor mimicking a chemical sensor, and the drying of a thin sprayed adhesive layer.
We demonstrate a microfluidic continuous-flow protein separation process in which silica-coated superparamagnetic nanoparticles
interact preferentially with hemoglobin in a mixture with bovine serum albumin, and the resulting hemoglobin-nanoparticle
aggregates are recovered online using magnetophoresis. We present detailed modeling and analysis of this process yielding
quantitative estimates of the recovery of both proteins, validated by experiments. While several previous studies utilize
an average particle size in modeling magnetophoretic particle trajectories or process design, in this study we emphasize the
importance of accounting for particle size distributions in calculating particle recovery, and therefore in estimating separation
efficiency. We combine experimentally measured size distributions of protein-nanoparticle aggregates with simulations of particle
trajectories and provide a simple analytical method to calculate the efficiency of separation at various flow speeds, which
fully accounts for heterogeneity in particle sizes. Our method can potentially be used for affinity based biomolecular separations
at both analytical and preparative scales by exploiting well-established techniques to functionalize nanoparticle surfaces
with selective ligands. Further, the modeling methodology presented here may be applied to provide better estimates of particle
recovery in a broad range of magnetophoretic separation processes involving heterogeneity in particle sizes. 相似文献
The study aims were, in a population of university students, staff, and faculty (n = 140), to: 1) determine the distribution of seven measures of mobile device use; 2) determine the distribution of musculoskeletal symptoms of the upper extremity, upper back and neck; and 3) assess the relationship between device use and symptoms. 137 of 140 participants (98%) reported using a mobile device. Most participants (84%) reported pain in at least one body part. Right hand pain was most common at the base of the thumb. Significant associations found included time spent internet browsing and pain in the base of the right thumb (odds ratio 2.21, 95% confidence interval 1.02–4.78), and total time spent using a mobile device and pain in the right shoulder (2.55, 1.25–5.21) and neck (2.72, 1.24–5.96). Although this research is preliminary, the observed associations, together with the rising use of these devices, raise concern for heavy users. 相似文献