Wavelet transform based adaptive filters: analysis and new results

In this paper the wavelet transform is used in an adaptive filtering structure. The coefficients of the adaptive filter are updated by the help of the least mean square (LMS) algorithm. First, the wavelet transform based adaptive filter (WTAF) is described and it is analyzed for its Wiener optimal solution. Then the performance of the WTAF is studied by the help of learning curves for three different convergence factors: (1) constant convergence factor, (2) time-varying convergence factor, and (3) exponentially weighted convergence factor. The exponentially weighted convergence factor is proposed to introduce scale-based variation to the weight update equation. It is shown for two different sets of data that the rate of convergence increases significantly for all three WTAF structures as compared to that of time-domain LMS. The high convergence rates of the WTAF give us reason to expect that it will perform well in tracking rapid changes in a signal     

Ultrasonic absorption and visco-relaxation study of poly(vinyl alcohol) aqueous solution. (A method for the determination of molecular weight)

Ultrasonic absorption and velocity measurements are reported on aqueous solutions of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PV-OH) of different molecular weights and concentrations obtained using a pulsed ultrasonic apparatus operating at 2 MHz and 303 K. The variations in these parameters as a function of concentration are interpreted in terms of changes in the magnitude of the contribution due to relaxation of the backbone and of the side chain acetyl groups. The results show an increase in velocity, density and viscosity with increase in molecular weight and concentration of PV-OH. In contrast the attenuation values decrease with increase in molecular weight. This suggests that interaction is occurring between PV-OH and water molecules. Deviation of the variation of the attenuation with concentration from the ‘ideal’ dilute solution behaviour at high concentration is ascribed to the effects of polymer-polymer interaction. The magnitude of the volume change associated with polymer-solvent interactions is estimated and discussed. A mathematical equation correlating the relaxation amplitude and the molecular weight of the polymer is suggested. This approach was applied to the calculation of the molecular weight of four unknown samples of PV-OH from their measured relaxation amplitudes. The results obtained agree well with those obtained from osmometry.     

Optimization of fluoride removal from brackish water by electrodialysis

The study showed that desired potable water can be easily obtained by electrodialysis from fluoride-rich brackish water. Studies have been performed to defluoridate brackish water containing 3000 ppm of total dissolved solids (TDS) and 3 ppm of fluoride using electrodialysis. The behaviour of water parameters (ion contents, TDS, pH, total hardness) with electrodialysis parameters (duration, flow rate, temperature, voltages) is followed. Optimal operational conditions for obtaining desired potable water have been proposed.     

Birthweight and Lipids in Adult Life: Population-Based Cross Sectional Study

The purpose of this study was to examine the association of birthweight with lipid profile in the general adult population. Participants in the second-wave of a nationally representative cross sectional AusDiab-study were asked to complete a birthweight questionnaire. Fasting total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, HDL-C, and triacylglycerol levels were modeled against birthweight. Four thousand five hundred and two people reported their birthweights, mean (SD) of 3.4(0.7) kg. Females with low birthweight-LBW had higher levels of TC, LDL-C, and triacylglycerols, but no difference in HDL-C, than those with normal-birthweight-NBW;≥2.5 kg. People with LBW showed a trend toward increased risk for high TC (≥5.5 mmol/L) compared to NBW. Among females with LBW, the risk for high LDL-C (≥3.5 mmol/L) was increased compared to those of NBW. The risk for low HDL-C (<0.9 mmol/L) was increased among males with LBW compared to those with NBW. Examination of the relationship on the continuum showed no differences except for high triacylglycerol levels among females with the lowest birthweight quintile compared to the higher birthweight quintile. However, the risk for various abnormalities by birthweight quintiles was similar to that when we used the traditional definition of LBW vs. NBW. Females and males with low birthweight differ in their risk for lipids abnormalities. Females had higher risk for high LDL-C, whereas males had high risk for low HDL-C (<0.9 mmol/L). In addition, females with low birthweight had the highest triacylglycerol levels. High LDL-C, low HDL-C, and high triacylglycerols are well-recognized risk factors for cardiovascular disease.     

Energy-Efficient Resource Optimization for Massive MIMO Networks Considering Network Load

This paper investigates the resource optimization problem for a multi-cell massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) network in which each base station (BS) is equipped with a large number of antennas and each base station (BS) adapts the number of antennas to the daily load profile (DLP). This paper takes into consideration user location distribution (ULD) variation and evaluates its impact on the energy efficiency of load adaptive massive MIMO system. ULD variation is modeled by dividing the cell into two coverage areas with different user densities: boundary focused (BF) and center focused (CF) ULD. All cells are assumed identical in terms of BS configurations, cell loading, and ULD variation and each BS is modeled as an M/G/m/m state dependent queue that can serve a maximum number of users at the peak load. Together with energy efficiency (EE) we analyzed deployment and spectrum efficiency in our adaptive massive MIMO system by evaluating the impact of cell size, available bandwidth, output power level of the BS, and maximum output power of the power amplifier (PA) at different cell loading. We also analyzed average energy consumption on an hourly basis per BS for the model proposed for data traffic in Europe and also the model proposed for business, residential, street, and highway areas.     

High performance computing of the Darmstadt stratified burner by means of large eddy simulation and a joint ATF-FGM approach

Current trend in design and operation of industrial gas turbines or internal combustion engines implies using the lean-fuel and stratified conditions aiming at the reduction of the harmful emissions and efficiency improvement. This has led to an increasing use of computational methodology, which allows detailed insight into combustion physics and processes controlling the emission formation. In the present work, the Darmstadt stratified burner is investigated by means of Large Eddy Simulation, implemented into the in-house, finite-volume-based numerical code FASTEST. The code solves the incompressible, variable-density Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the species transport equations. It is parallelized via domain decomposition technique using message passing interface (MPI). The complex chemical mechanisms are described by tabulated detailed chemistry utilizing the Flamelet Generated Manifolds (FGM) approach combined with the Artificially Thickened Flame model (ATF). The results obtained are comparatively assessed along with the complementary measurements. In-depth analysis of the flow field is conducted based on numerical simulations. Further studies have been carried out with respect to grid resolution and scalability.     

Proof rules for gotos

Summary We offer a program specification format adapted to statements with multiple exits, and use it to present proof rules to replace the somewhat unsatisfactory treatment of jumps in [3]. We justify the bridled use of gotos in return exits, failure exits, and loops with jumps in the middle. To exemplify our methodology, we prove the function Lookup.     

Allele frequency distribution for D11S1304, D11S1998, and D11S934 and metabolic syndrome in TLGS

Different variant frequencies may lead to different frequencies of the same variants in individuals with drugs resistance and disease susceptibility at the population level. In this study, the allele frequency of three STRs loci including D11S1304, D11S1998, and D11S934 was analyzed on a representative sample of 563 individuals from the capital city of Tehran. The sample included four different ethnic groups. In this sample, 130 individuals were affected with metabolic syndrome (Mets). Calculated parameters on the whole sample were: allele frequency, polymorphic information content values, observed and expected heterozygosity, discrimination power, matching probability, power of discrimination, power of exclusion, and paternity index. For all markers, no significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was found in observed allele frequencies except D11S1998. There were no significant differences in the allele frequencies in short, medium and long alleles between the metabolic affected subjects and controls. The most significant findings of this study report allele frequency of some STRs on chromosome 11 for the first time in Iran and the observed differences between subjects affected with Mets as opposed to subjects in the control group.