Process Variation Study of SELBOX Inverted- T Junctionless FinFET for High-Performance Applications

This work investigates the performance of the inverted-T (IT) junctionless (JL) FinFET with selective buried oxide (SELBOX) topology. The electrical charac     

Structural variability and its relation to edaphic attributes of mangroves in the south‐west coast of India

We estimated the tree structural variables (density, frequency and basal area) of true mangroves and soil variables like particle size distribution, carbon, available nitrogen and phosphorus, sulphur, nutrient cations (K, Na, Ca, Mg) of Cochin mangroves and examined the relationship between vegetation and environment. The study sites were classified as seaward fringe, riverine and interior. Of the thirteen true mangrove species present, Avicennia officinalis, Sonneratia caseolaris and Excoecaria agallocha showed higher Importance Value Index. The mean stem density varied from 80 to 25,000 no./ha and basal area from 0.1 to 39.68 m²/ha. Seaward mangroves showed maximum stand basal area and biomass production while riverine exhibited maximum density. Maturity Index value of Cochin mangroves revealed a very low degree of structural maturity. Interior mangroves were characterized by silty soil with higher nutrient concentrations. Principal component analysis of soil data revealed that the major factors influencing mangrove vegetation were soil texture, nutrients, salinity and oxidation–reduction potential. The stem density and basal area of different species correlated highly with soil nutrients and texture (p < .001) while salinity showed negative correlations with vegetation characteristics. The data generated in the study would be fundamental in site‐specific management and conservation efforts of these degrading mangroves.     

Scheduling transactions with temporal constraints: exploiting data semantics

In this paper, issues involved in the design of a real-time database which maintains data temporal consistency are discussed. The concept of data-deadline is introduced and time cognizant transaction scheduling policies are proposed. Informally, data-deadline is a deadline assigned to a transaction due to the temporal constraints of the data accessed by the transaction. Further, two time cognizant forced wait policies which improve performance significantly by forcing a transaction to delay further execution until a new version of sensor data becomes available are proposed. A way to exploit temporal data similarity to improve performance is also proposed. Finally, these policies are evaluated through detailed simulation experiments. The simulation results show that taking advantage of temporal data semantics in transaction scheduling can significantly improve the performance of user transactions in realtime database systems. In particular, it is demonstrated that under the forced wait policy, the performance can be improved significantly. Further improvements result by exploiting data similarity.     

Thermogravimetric studies of Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x superconductors

The synthesis conditions and oxygen stoichiometry were determined using a thermogravimetric analyser. The kinetics of oxygenation at different temperatures and at different atmospheres were studied. The oxygenation kinetics were found to be sensitive to porosity of the material. The appropriate oxygenation temperature was found to be 400 °C. For oxygenation temperatures below 400 °C, the oxygenation occurs by a nucleation and growth process, whereas for higher temperatures it is diffusion limited.     

Sulphurization of jojoba oil for application as extreme pressure additive

In order to develop jojoba oil-based extreme pressure (E P) additives, a number of sulphurized jojoba oils have been prepared by varying the reaction conditions. The products differ in their amount of sulphur and in their structure. An attempt to predict their performance based on their structure reveals that it is not a simple addition of sulphur which is required; a certain level of cross linking and polymerization also are desirable to have a product which is effective as an E P additive.     

Bioecology of macrobenthic communities in the microtidal monsoonal Kodungallur–Azhikode Estuary,southwest coast of India

A comprehensive study of the macrobenthic communities in the Kodungallur–Azhikode Estuary (KAE) was conducted during 2009–2011 period. A total of 18,846 organisms were collected, with 60% being malacostracans, followed by polychaetes (20%), molluscs (9%) and ‘others’ group (11%). A total of 79 species in 71 genera belonging to 49 families were identified, with 33 spp. being polychaetes, 26 spp. being malacostracans, 11 spp. being molluscs and 9 spp. being in the ‘others’ group. A single species of opportunistic amphipod (Americorophium triaeonyx) comprised more than 62.05% of the total numerical abundance of macrobenthos. The other dominant species were Obelia bidentata, Arcuatula senhousia, Cirolana fluviatilis, Prionospio cirrifera and Capitella sp. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) results indicated environmental parameters such as water column salinity, turbidity, sediment Eh, substratum type, chlorophyll‐a concentration, depth and organic matter in sediment were the significant factors influencing the distribution of macrobenthic species in the KAE. The present study provides baseline information for future KAE benthic studies.     

Numerical study on mixed convection in a lid-driven cavity with non-uniform heating on both sidewalls

A numerical study has been performed on mixed convection in a lid-driven cavity. The vertical sidewalls of the cavity are maintained with sinusoidal temperature distribution. A finite volume method is used to solve numerically the non-dimensional governing equations. Results are analyzed over a range of the Richardson numbers, amplitude ratios and phase deviations. The results show that heat transfer rate is increased on increasing amplitude ratio. It is observed that average Nusselt numbers are increased first and then decreased when increasing the phase deviation from 0 to π. The non-uniform heating on both walls provides higher heat transfer rate than non-uniform heating of one wall.     

MHD mixed convection of Cu–water nanofluid in a two-sided lid-driven porous cavity with a partial slip

ABSTRACT

A numerical simulation of magneto-hydrodynamic mixed convection flow and heat transfer of Cu–water nanofluid in a square cavity filled with a Darcian porous medium with a partial slip is numerically investigated. The left and right walls of the cavity are moving up with a constant speed in vertical direction, and the partial slip effect is considered along these walls. The top and bottom walls of the cavity are assumed to be adiabatic. The right vertical wall of the cavity is assumed to be kept at a lower temperature, while the left vertical wall is kept at a higher temperature. The developed equations of the mathematical model are nondimensionalized and then solved numerically subject to appropriate boundary conditions by the finite-volume method. A parametric study is performed and a set of graphical results is presented and discussed to demonstrate interesting features of the solution.     

Numerical investigation of the interference effects between two burning fuel spheres

The interference effects between two burning spheres have been analyzed utilizing Labowsky's approach for problem formulation leading to the Laplace equation in a potential function and employing the finite-element method for its solution. The effect of separation on the interaction coefficient, the potential field and the flame geometry has been established. The critical spacing providing the demarcation between merged and separated flames is shown to be a function of the stoichiometric coefficient, radius ratio, ambient oxidizer concentration and ambient temperature. Correlations between the critical nondimensional spacing and the critical interaction coefficient and the above parameters have been obtained for both equal- and unequal-sized drops. The cone criterion, originally proposed for equal drops, is extended to the case of unequal drops and the correlation between the cone half-angle and the parameters has been established.     

The occurrence of vulnerable seagrass species Halophila beccarii Ascherson, 1871 from restored mangrove of Koduvally Estuary,south‐west coast of India

The ocean turf grass, Halophila beccarii Ascherson, 1871 was recorded for the first time in the intertidal region of the restored mangrove ecosystem of the Koduvally Estuary on the south‐west coast of India. It was found co‐existing in the shallow muddy area of the mangroves, dominated by mangrove trees of Rhizophora mucronata and Sonneratia alba, and macroalgae, Ulva sp., Enteromorpha sp. and Chaetomorpha sp. The meadow is sparsely scattered with shoots near the mangroves, with a mean density of 720 shoots/m². Details regarding the morphology and hydrographic conditions are described. The occurrence of H. beccarii in the Koduvally estuary is an encouraging sign of improved ecosystem health through mangrove restoration. The development of seagrass meadow in the estuary will improve the sediment stability and water quality. A further comprehensive study on the spatiotemporal variation of this species in the estuary is also recommended for conservation and management of this vulnerable seagrass species.