Influence of CO2 inleakage on the slight-alkalization of generator internal cooling water

The slight-alkalization of generator internal cooling water (GICW) is widely used to inhibit the corrosion of hollow copper conductor and thereby ensure the safe operation of the generator. CO₂ inleakage is increasingly identified as a potential security risk for GICW system. In this paper, the influence of CO₂ inleakage on the slight-alkalization of GICW was theoretically discussed. Based on the equilibriums of the CO₂-NaOH-H₂O system, CO₂ inleakage saturation was derived to quantify the amount of the dissolved CO₂ in GICW. This parameter can be directly calculated with the measured conductivity and the [Na⁺] of GICW. The influence of CO₂ inleakage on the slight-alkalization conditioning of GICW and the measurement of its water quality parameters were then analyzed. The more severe the inleakage, the narrower the water quality operation ranges of GICW, resulting in the more difficult the slight-alkalization conditioning of GICW. The temperature calibrations of the conductivity and the pH value of GICW show non-linear correlations with the amount of CO₂ inleakage and the NaOH dosage. This study provides insights into the influence of CO₂ inleakage on the slight-alkalization of GICW, which can serve as the theoretical basis for the actual slight-alkalization when CO₂ inleakage occurs.     

Improved Input and State Estimation for Linear Stochastic Systems with Direct Feedthrough

This paper is concerned with the problem of joint input and state estimation for linear stochastic systems with direct feedthrough. Based on the fact that each unknown input between any two time steps is always bounded, a novel improved algorithm is proposed. Compared with existing results, this algorithm can effectively enhance estimation accuracy. Moreover, the stability of the algorithm is also discussed. Finally, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

水电站厂内经济运行对象模型研究

通过对水电站厂内经济运行过程的数学模型和求解方法的深入分析，提出了水电站经济厂内运行的对象模型，按照对象化设计的思路，把相关特征数据和约束条件封装成对象的成员属性，把模型求解方法封装成对象的成员方法，各对象模型既可单独计算实现独自功能，也可通过各对象成员接口，共同实现复杂功能，提高了代码的重用性、可扩展性和可靠性。图1幅，表4个。     

大学城的衍沿与指谓

20世纪中叶以后，西方国家相率兴起一批以大学为主体、以城市为依托、以资源共享功能互补和产学研一体化为主要目标的新兴城市，并演绎为自然发展型和规划建设型两种典型的现代大学城模式。国内大学城的建设较之国外虽晚近了约四十年，但自上个世纪90年代中叶以后发展势头日积。大学城的诞生，既改变了城市的产业结构，提升了城市的文化品位，强化了城市的教育功能，同时也促进了大学自身的发展，并构成了独具特质的新的城市发展走廊。     

季胺萃取锌的动力学研究

以恒界面池法研究了氯化物介质中季胺萃锌的动力学。考查了搅拌转速、传质界面积和温度对萃取速率的影响，判定季爱萃锌为界面化学反应的动力学模式。进一步研究了季胺萃取剂浓度和水相Ｚｎ＾２＋浓度对萃取速率的影响，得到了与理论推断相吻合的速率方程。     

选用S14系列混砂机的体会

介绍在砂处理技术改造中针对选用S14系列转子混砂机使用一段时间后,在型砂中出现含有大量黄豆颗粒般大小的砂团,致使型砂性能严重恶化,影响铸件表面质量.同先前使用碾轮混砂机相比,出现S14系列转子混砂机混砂质量不如Sll系列碾轮混砂机的现象.作者根据砂处理改造工作的体会,阐述由于转子和碾轮混砂机结构和工作机理不同,在使用中,其各配套工艺和装备也应有区别.     

Adaptive output feedback tracking control of stochastic nonlinear systems with dynamic uncertainties

In this paper, adaptive output feedback tracking control is developed for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems with dynamic uncertainties and unmeasured states. Neural networks are used to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions. K‐filters are designed to estimate the unmeasured states. An available dynamic signal is introduced to dominate the unmodeled dynamics. By combining dynamic surface control technique with backstepping, the condition in which the approximation error is assumed to be bounded is avoided. Using It ô formula and Chebyshev's inequality, it is shown that all signals in the closed‐loop system are bounded in probability, and the error signals are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded in mean square or the sense of four‐moment. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Enhanced MAC protocol to support multimedia traffic in cognitive wireless mesh networks

With the advanced physical layer techniques such as multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), transmission real-time 2D/3D contents and applications becomes more and more necessary in wireless networks for the amazing growing in demand of customers. However, the low efficiency of medium access control (MAC) protocol degrades the performance of real-time traffic greatly in multihop, wireless and mobile environment. Focusing on supporting real-time multimedia traffic in cognitive wireless mesh networks (WMNs), an enhanced MAC protocol is proposed. And the contribution of this paper is twofold: (1) An efficient carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) compatible time division multiple access (TDMA)-like MAC protocol called T-MAC is proposed, which aims to improve the system performance by allocating more channel access time in centralized manner and decreasing overhead. (2) An optimal adaptive scheduling scheme is proposed to support real-time multimedia applications and guarantee QoS for different priority traffic, which aims to find the optimized schedule among all possible sequences of concurrent transmissions by minimizing the occupied resources. Detailed simulation results and comparison with IEEE 802.11e MAC scheme show that the proposed T-MAC can effectively improve quality of service (QoS) for multimedia traffic in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay and packet loss rate, which also manifests that T-MAC is an efficient multimedia applications transmission scheme for mobile terminals and MAPs in cognitive WMNs.     

含Ce2O3氧化物对改善双相不锈钢亚稳态点蚀的机理研究

利用扫描电镜、原子力显微镜、恒电位脉冲等研究了2205双相不锈钢在中性含Cl-环境下氧化物引起点蚀萌生的机理。实验发现MgO-Al_2O_3系夹杂物中MgO偏聚处以及MgO-Al_2O_3-CaO系夹杂物中CaO富集处会引起夹杂物处基体同周围基体接触电势差增加。此外,CaO富集处易使夹杂物表面出现显微缝隙并使基体裸露,产生亚稳态蚀坑。经Ce处理后发现夹杂物成分变为含Ce_2O_3·11Al_2O_3或Ce_2O_3·Al_2O_3为主的复合夹杂,夹杂物与基体接触电势差减小并且在含Ce_2O_3复合夹杂物处未发现点蚀萌生现象,最后阐述了非金属氧化物引起点蚀的机理以及Ce与氧化物反应的机制。     

Robust adaptive DSC of directly input‐coupled nonlinear systems with input unmodeled dynamics and time‐varying output constraints

In this paper, an adaptive robust dynamic surface control is proposed for a class of uncertain nonlinear interconnected systems with time‐varying output constraints and dynamic input and output coupling. The directly coupled inputs and control inputs are both of nonlinear input unmodeled dynamics. To counteract the instable impact of the nonlinear input unmodeled dynamics, normalization signals are designed on the basis of the convergence rates of their Lyapunov functions. With new state variables and control variables being defined, the real control inputs are obtained through solving the equations of intermediate control laws. The time‐varying constraints on output signals are implemented by introducing asymmetric barrier Lyapunov functions. In addition, dynamic signals and decentralized K‐filters are used to deal with the state unmodeled dynamics and to estimate the unmeasurable states, respectively. By the theoretical analysis, the signals in the closed‐loop system are proved to be semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded, and the output constraints are guaranteed simultaneously. A numerical example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.