Prediction of concentration for microalgae using image analysis

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Maintaining the optimum growth rate and estimating the concentration of microalgae are critical in improving microalgae production. An efficient concentration...     

A Novel RFID Tag Identification Protocol: Adaptive n-Resolution and k-Collision Arbitration

Since radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has become increasingly common in numerous applications, including large-scale supply chain management, improving the efficiency of RFID tag identification is an important task. In practical settings, the identification of RFID tags often occurs in a dynamic environment, in which tags move through a specific interrogation range. However, the literature contains few studies on the design of efficient identification protocols in dynamic environments. This study proposes a novel tag identification protocol that is particularly efficient in dynamic environments. the proposed protocol involves two anti-collision techniques: adaptive n-Resolution (AnR) and k-Collision Arbitration (kCA). These two techniques significantly improve the tag identification delay and communication overhead. This improvement is primarily due to the use of a newly designed challenge-response bit sequence mechanism and the information obtained from the previous tag identification procedure. As a result, AnR requires only a constant number of interrogation times regardless of the number of target tags, while kCA further improves the efficiency of tag identification with \(k\) -splitting collision arbitration. Rigorous analysis and simulation experiments show that this tag identification protocol significantly outperforms related methods (by at least 48.85 % identification delay and 23.87 % communication overhead can).