聚丙烯酸对纳米SiO_2薄膜性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体、聚丙烯酸(PAA)为增孔剂制备大孔径SiO_2薄膜,研究了PAA添加量对薄膜孔径的影响、烧结温度与薄膜孔径及晶相转化之间的关系。通过热重分析仪(TG-DTG)、氮气吸附-脱附法、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、红外光谱仪(IR)对样品性能进行表征。结果表明,随着PAA添加量的增多,孔径随之增大,当添加量达到15%(体积分数)时,薄膜表面出现裂纹;随着烧结温度的升高,SiO_2晶相发生转变及PAA完全炭化使得薄膜孔径增大。实验确定,PAA最佳加入量为10%,且最佳烧结温度为800℃时制得的SiO_2薄膜的热稳定性良好,表面平整致密,平均孔径为53.73nm。     

国内外乳浊釉的研究现状及我国釉料发展方向

本文阐述了乳浊釉的国内外研究现状、乳浊机理和常用乳浊剂,综述了一些陶瓷工作者的研究成果。并分别叙述了常用乳浊釉如锡釉、锆釉、钛釉等的特点、性能和各釉组分对乳浊效果的影响,以及它们的应用前景,最后指出了我国釉料技术今后的努力方向。     

复杂背景下的人脸分割

针对复杂背景下人脸位置的不确定性和人脸轮廓边缘点的不连续性,本文提出一种新的人脸分割算法,能够在复杂背景下将人脸快速分割出来。本文算法包括三部分:首先设计了特征与模板相结合的人脸定位算法,在复杂背景中以双眼和嘴的坐标为基准确定人脸位置;其次,设计了自适应搜索算法,提取真正的人脸轮廓点,去除“假”轮廓点;最后利用人脸轮廓的平滑性通过曲线拟合来补充不确定轮廓点,完成人脸分割。本文算法综合利用了人脸的肤色、表面结构、轮廓边缘以及轮廓的平滑性等特征完成人脸分割,实验结果证明了算法的有效性。     

关于代建制约束—激励机制问题的探讨

作为一种新型的政府投资项目管理模式,代建制在我国正迅速发展。本文对代建制在操作中普遍存在的问题作了探讨,同时提出了进一步完善代建制度的措施与建议,如完善代建制相关法律法规建设,进一步明确代建相关方的权责利关系,加强代建合同管理,建立对代建单位的约束及激励机制,完善规范代建市场,培育工程管理专业人才等。     

聚合植物油脂表面活性剂的制备及其结构与性能

采用环氧大豆油(ESO)为原料,乙酸乙酯为溶剂,四氯化锡为催化剂,通过环氧大豆油的开环自聚,制备聚合环氧大豆油(PESO);再将PESO在碱性条件下水解,洗涤纯化后得到水解聚合环氧大豆油(HPESO)。通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对HPESO的结构及分子量分布进行了表征,并对得到的水解聚合环氧大豆油脂肪酸钾盐表面活性剂(HPESO-K)的临界胶束浓度cmc及其表面张力(γ_cmc)、Krafft点(KP)、液体石蜡/水体系的乳化能力(EP)与抑泡及消泡能力(FP)进行了研究。结果表明:HPESO的数均分子量范围为1056～1156g/mol,重均分子量范围为1255～1374g/mol。在水溶液pH值为9～12条件下,HPESO-K的cmc值为0.13～0.41g/L,γ_cmc值为25.6～31.2mN/m。在水溶液pH=9条件下测得HPESO-K的Krafft点为37℃,液体石蜡/水体系中分出10mL水的时间为130s,亲水亲油平衡(HLB)值范围为10～11。     

山梨酸钾辅助HPTS对芽孢的杀菌动力学及应用研究

本文研究山梨酸钾辅助高压热杀菌(HPTS)对枯草杆菌芽孢的灭活动力学。选用一级动力学模型、Weibull和Loglogistic动力学模型对山梨酸钾辅助HPTS对枯草杆菌芽孢的失活曲线进行动力学模型拟合。分析精确因子(A_f)、偏差因子(B_f)、均方根误差(RMSE)、决定系数(R²),在3个模型中,山梨酸钾辅助HPTS的杀菌作用更符合Log-logistic动力学模型(R²=0.986)。山梨酸钾(0.2 g/100 mL)辅助HPTS(600 MPa、75℃、25 min)时,失活效果最佳,芽孢致死率为6.10 lg(CFU/mL)。山梨酸钾辅助HPTS处理能有效杀灭甜瓜汁中的芽孢,且杀菌后甜瓜汁的褐变度显著降低,贮藏28 d后山梨酸钾(0.1 g/100 mL)辅助HPTS(600 MPa、75℃、25 min)处理的甜瓜汁在420 mn处的吸光度达0.093,而HPTS处理的对照样品的吸光度为0.058。通过扫描电镜观察甜瓜汁中枯草杆菌芽孢处理前、后的微观结构,处理后的芽孢形态结构发生变化。结...     

Hybrid particle swarm optimization for rule discovery in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. Knowledge about risk factors that increase the probability of developing CAD can help to understand the disease better and assist in its treatment. Recently, modern computer‐aided approaches have been used for the prediction and diagnosis of diseases. Swarm intelligence algorithms like particle swarm optimization (PSO) have demonstrated great performance in solving different optimization problems. As rule discovery can be modelled as an optimization problem, it can be mapped to an optimization problem and solved by means of an evolutionary algorithm like PSO. An approach for discovering classification rules of CAD is proposed. The work is based on the real‐world CAD data set and aims at the detection of this disease by producing the accurate and effective rules. The proposed algorithm is a hybrid binary‐real PSO, which includes the combination of categorical and numerical encoding of a particle and a different approach for calculating the velocity of particles. The rules were developed from randomly generated particles, which take random values in the range of each attribute in the rule. Two different feature selection methods based on multi‐objective evolutionary search and PSO were applied on the data set, and the most relevant features were selected by the algorithms. The accuracy of two different rule sets were evaluated. The rule set with 11 features obtained more accurate results than the rule set with 13 features. Our results show that the proposed approach has the ability to produce effective rules with highest accuracy for the detection of CAD.     

现场总线控制在过程控制中的应用

现场总线控制系统自问世以来迅速在控制工程领域占有一定的份额,渗透到各行业.本文对过程控制和现场总线控制系统的特点进行了总结,就现场总线控制系统在过程控制中的应用进行了分析,与传统的过程控制系统进行了比较,得出现场总线控制系统能更好地满足过程控制要求.     

Hydrochemical and Stable Isotope (δD and δ18O) Characteristics of Groundwater and Hydrogeochemical Processes in the Ningtiaota Coalfield,Northwest China

Mine Water and the Environment - Understanding the sources and mechanisms of groundwater recharge in the Ningtiaota Coalfield, an arid area in northwest China, is important for water resources...     

基于非线性振动的水轮发电机组振动噪声分析

以混流式水轮发电机组为研究对象,针对轴系存在横振和扭振的情形,应用有限元法建立水轮发电机组主轴系统的非线性动力学方程,利用多尺度法分析水轮发电机组主轴系统的非线性振动特性并计算主轴系统振动速度的1阶近似解,采用声学理论构建由混流式水轮发电机组轴系和周围空气所组成的声学系统的离散化方程,揭示机组振动噪声与其非线性振动间的内在关系,为混流式水轮发电机组振动噪声的控制提供一定的理论依据。