PID Control of Planar Nonlinear Uncertain Systems in the Presence of Actuator Saturation

This paper investigates PID control design for a class of planar nonlinear uncertain systems in the presence of actuator saturation. Based on the bounds on the growth rates of the nonlinear uncertain function in the system model, the system is placed in a linear differential inclusion. Each vertex system of the linear differential inclusion is a linear system subject to actuator saturation. By placing the saturated PID control into a convex hull formed by the PID controller and an auxiliary linear feedback law, we establish conditions under which an ellipsoid is contractively invariant and hence is an estimate of the domain of attraction of the equilibrium point of the closed-loop system. The equilibrium point corresponds to the desired set point for the system output. Thus, the location of the equilibrium point and the size of the domain of attraction determine, respectively, the set point that the output can achieve and the range of initial conditions from which this set point can be reached. Based on these conditions, the feasible set points can be determined and the design of the PID control law that stabilizes the nonlinear uncertain system at a feasible set point with a large domain of attraction can then be formulated and solved as a constrained optimization problem with constraints in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Application of the proposed design to a magnetic suspension system illustrates the design process and the performance of the resulting PID control law.      

Enhanced strains of Nb-doped BNKT-4ST piezoelectric ceramics via phase boundary and domain design

A strategy that constructs the morphotropic phase boundary and manipulates the domain structure has been used to design the component of 0.96[Bi_0.5(Na_0.84K_0.16)_0.5Ti_(1-x)Nb_xO₃]-0.04SrTiO₃ (BNKT-4ST-100xNb) to enhance the strain properties for actuator application. Non-equivalent Nb⁵⁺ donor doping modulates the phase transition from the mixture of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases to the pseudocubic phase and results in the coexistence of multiple phases. Moreover, the high-resolution TEM confirms the existence of polar nano regions that contribute to the macroscopic relaxor behaviour. The size of the domains is reduced with increasing Nb⁵⁺, resulting in an enhanced relaxor behaviour. The ferroelectric-relaxor transition temperature decreases from 85 to below 30 °C, implying a non-ergodic to ergodic relaxor transition. An improved strain of 0.56% and a giant normalized strain of 1120 pm/V were achieved for BNKT-4ST-1.5Nb, which were attributed to the unique domain structure in which nanodomains are embedded in an undistorted cubic matrix. Ferroelectric, antiferroelectric, and relaxor phases coexist. As the electric field is large enough, a reversible phase transition occurs. Furthermore, good temperature stability was obtained due to the stability of the nanodomains, and no degradation in strains was observed even after 10⁴ cycles, which may originate from the reversible phase transition and dynamic domain wall. The results show that this design strategy offers a reference way to improve the strain behaviour and that BNKT-4ST-100xNb ceramics could be a potential material for high-displacement actuator applications.     

Real-time molecular characterization of air pollutants in a Hong Kong residence: Implication of indoor source emissions and heterogeneous chemistry

Due to the high health risks associated with indoor air pollutants and long-term exposure, indoor air quality has received increasing attention. In this study, we put emphasis on the molecular composition, source emissions, and chemical aging of air pollutants in a residence with designed activities mimicking ordinary Hong Kong homes. More than 150 air pollutants were detected at molecular level, 87 of which were quantified at a time resolution of not less than 1 hour. The indoor-to-outdoor ratios were higher than 1 for most of the primary air pollutants, due to emissions of indoor activities and indoor backgrounds (especially for aldehydes). In contrast, many secondary air pollutants exhibited higher concentrations in outdoor air. Painting ranked first in aldehyde emissions, which also caused great enhancement of aromatics. Incense burning had the highest emissions of particle-phase organics, with vanillic acid and syringic acid as markers. The other noteworthy fingerprints enabled by online measurements included linoleic acid, cholesterol, and oleic acid for cooking, 2,5-dimethylfuran, stigmasterol, iso-/anteiso-alkanes, and fructose isomers for smoking, C₂₈-C₃₄ even n-alkanes for candle burning, and monoterpenes for the use of air freshener, cleaning agents, and camphor oil. We showed clear evidence of chemical aging of cooking emissions, giving a hint of indoor heterogeneous chemistry. This study highlights the value of organic molecules measured at high time resolutions in enhancing our knowledge on indoor air quality.     

A Novel Body-tied Silicon-On-Insulator(SOI) n-channel Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor with Grounded Body Electrode

A novel body-tied silicon-on-insulator(SOI) n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor with grounded body electrode named GBSOI nMOSFET has been developed by wafer bonding and etch-back technology. It has no floating body effect such as kink phenomena on the drain current curves, single-transistor latch and drain current overshoot inherent in a normal SOI device with floating body. We have characterized the interface trap density, kink phenomena on the drain current (I_DS-V_DS) curves, substrate resistance effect on the I_DS-V_DS curves, subthreshold current characteristics and single transistor latch of these transistors. We have confirmed that the GBSOI structure is suitable for high-speed and low-voltage VLSI circuits.     

海洋软管增强层的选择及结合方式

当前输油管道软管的应用越来越广，尤其是陆上石油开采日趋贫乏，海庆石油开采比重将越来越大，势必将对海洋用软管的需求不断加大。而对海洋软管技术要求也不断提高，其中大多是针对软管内的增强层所提出的。论述了海洋软管增强层的结构形式、技术要求、材质选择等几方面内容，考察了不同增强层对海洋软管耐压性、耐蚀性、屈挠性、粘合性等指标的影响。     

铝在醚类电解质中的电沉积

本文综合了近期有机试剂中电沉积铝的有关文献，主要介绍了铝在ＡｌＣｌ３与乙醚、四氢呋喃（ＴＨＦ）、１－甲基－３乙基咪唑氯化物（ＭＥＩＣ）、Ｎ－（ｎ－丁基）吡啶氯化物（ＢＰＣ）等满替代的翁盐等组成的电解质中，电沉积的电极过程，以及在ＭＥＩＣ和ＢＰＣ中得到的铝层组织和结构的研究成果，并举例了沉积铝层的应用。     

基于BA-WPHM的滚动轴承两阶段剩余寿命预测方法

为了提高滚动轴承剩余寿命预测的准确性,根据滚动轴承运行过程的两阶段性特点,提出了一种基于蝙蝠算法(BA)和威布尔比例风险模型(WPHM)的滚动轴承两阶段剩余寿命预测方法。首先,构建基于WPHM的剩余寿命预测模型;其次,提出了两阶段极大似然估计法,建立新的似然函数,并利用BA算法进行求解,以提高参数估计的准确性;最后,建立BA-WPHM模型对滚动轴承进行剩余寿命预测。案例分析表明,相比于Newton-Raphson算法、自组织分层猴群算法(SHMA)和独特的自适应粒子群算法(UAPSO),提出的方法参数估计的准确性更高,剩余寿命的预测精度优于支持向量回归(SVR)方法,验证了所提方法的有效性,为滚动轴承维修决策的可行性提供了依据。     

Calcium binding mode of {gamma}-carboxyglutamic acids in conantokins

Conantokin-T (con-T) and conantokin-G (con-G) are two highlyhomologous peptide toxins found in Conus venom. The former isa 21-residue peptide with four -carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residues(at positions 3, 4, 10 and 14), while the latter is a 17-residuepeptide with five -carboxyglutamic acid residues (at positions3, 4, 7, 10 and 14). Despite the apparent similarity in numberand relative positions of the -carboxyglutamic acid residues,¹¹³Cd-NMR studies indicated a distinct metal binding behaviorfor con-G and con-T. There appears to be four binding sitesin con-G in contrast to one metal binding site in con-T. Toelucidate the mode of calcium binding by the -carboxyglutamicacid residues in these conantokins, we designed various analogouspeptides with their -carboxyglutamic acid replaced by otheramino acid residues. ¹¹³Cd-NMR experiments on conantokin analoguesreveal that the major difference in the number of metal bindingsites between con-G and con-T is due to the residue at position7. We also performed molecular simulations to calculate therelative binding free energies of several potential bindingsites. Based on our theoretical and experimental results, wepropose a `four-site' binding model for conantokin-G and a `single-site'binding model for conantokin-T.     

空间可变有限混合模型

目的 有限混合模型是一种无监督学习方法,它被广泛的应用到数据分类任务中。然而,在图像分割过程中,由于有限混合模型没有引入邻域像素间的空间关系,导致了图像分割结果对噪声非常敏感。为了增强有限混合模型的抗噪性,提出一种新的空间可变有限混合模型。方法 该模型通过在像素的先验分布中引入一种新的空间关系来降低噪声对图像分割结果的干扰。在构建空间关系的过程中,利用形态学膨胀原理将空间邻域内特征值出现的概率而不是特征值本身进行膨胀操作,然后通过根据具有最大概率的分类标记在高斯混合模型迭代地计算过程中进行局部像素空间平滑,从而起到抑制噪声干扰的作用。结果 本文实验包含了人工合成图像和医学CT图像的图像分割实验。在人工合成图像分割实验中,对人工合成图像添加了不同程度的噪声来测试本文模型和对比模型对噪声抑制能力的高低;对医学CT图像进行图像分割实验,以是比较本文模型与对比模型之间在实际图像分割中的效果。结论 实验数据显示,本文提出的模型在噪声抑制能力上,图像分割精度和计算效率上均有更优的性能。     

Logistic视频字幕增强模型

目的：为提高复杂背景下的视频字幕在OCR中的识别率,需要对提取的视频字幕进行有效地字幕增强。该文首次将Logistic模型应用到视频字幕增强中,提出了基于Logistic模型的融合多帧信息的视频字幕增强方法。方法：对字幕进行检测与跟踪,将出现在连续多帧中的同一字幕片段进行对齐;通过分析字幕片段在多帧中信息,提出字幕背景在时域上的变化特征、背景和字幕文本的固有特征,并将三个特征进行量化与融合,构建适用于字幕增强的Logistic模型,实现对视频字幕的增强。结果：对含阴影或描边效果的特殊复杂背景字幕、普通复杂背景字幕、单一背景字幕分别进行实验,增强后的字幕在OCR软件中的识别正确率分别为81.76%、97.13%、98.19%,与对比方法比较均有一定的提高。结论：实验结果表明,该文方法既可以降低字幕背景的复杂度,又可以提高字幕背景与文本的对比度,从而可以对复杂背景和单一背景下的视频字幕进行有效地增强。