Parallel Multipopulation Differential Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization for Voltage and Reactive Power Control

This paper presents parallel multipopulation differential evolutionary particle swarm optimization (DEEPSO) for voltage and reactive power control (VQC). The problem can be formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear optimization problem and various evolutionary computation techniques have been applied to the problem including PSO, differential evolution (DE), and DEEPSO. Since VQC is one of the online controls, speed‐up of computation is required. Moreover, there is still room for improvement in solution quality. This paper applies parallel multipopulation DEEPSO in order to speed up the calculation and improve solution quality. The proposed method is applied to IEEE 30, 57, and 118 bus systems. The results indicate that the proposed method can realize fast computation and minimize more active power losses than the conventional evolutionary computation techniques.     

Optimal control for linear continuous-time systems with general noises based upon sampled data

This paper is concerned with the optimal control problem for continuous-time systems with general noises, based upon sampled data, under the quadratic cost functional. The system is described by a linear stochastic integral equation, the observations are made at discrete times, and the noise processes are not assumed zero-moan Gaussian and/or white. Derived is the optimal controller algorithm, where the optimal input consists of the following two: (1) the optimal input for usual linear-quadratic-Gaussian control systems and (2) its correction input due to the fact that the noise processes arc non-white and have non-zero means.     

Multiple-criteria optimization of pollution control model

This paper deals with a multiple-criteria optimization problem for the pollution control model which was introduced by Kulikowski. The model consists of n polluters which discharge the waste into the environment through waste treatment plants. The pollution of the environment, observed at m points, is expressed by a system of linear operators. The problem of multiple-criteria optimization for this pollution control model is formulated. The main difficulty of multiple-criteria optimization is that it is no longer clear what one means by an optimal solution. A possible remedy to this situation is to introduce an objective function which is expressed as a function of various criterions. Given the specific objective function, the optimum waste treatment strategy for the pollution control model is first determined with respect to another performance measure which is a linear combination of the various criterions. The optimum strategy for this performance is obtained in terms of the weighting factors in the linear combination functional. A search procedure is then used to determine the optimum values of those weighting factors for the specified objective function.     

On the estimation of stochastic sensitivity for non-linear dynamical systems in state estimation problems†

This paper consists of two main parts. Recognizing the existence of identification errors due to variations of system parameters, the first part is devoted to the verification of the existence of a unique continuous solution of a non-linear vector stochastic differential equation with a random parameter and to the establishment of the stochastic sensitivity equation. Both the a and β-stochastic sensitivity equations are established through the precise definition of stochastic sensitivity.

The remainder of this paper deals with evaluation of quantitative aspects of the sensitivity in the state estimation by using the stochastic sensitivity equation.     

EFFECT OF HOT WATER IMMERSION ON PEEL COLOR OF PEARS AND ON WHITE ROT CAUSED BY BOTRYOSPHAERIA BERENGERIANA

Abstract The effectiveness of hot water immersion (HWI) on peel color and the control of white rot caused by Botryosphaeria berengeriana on wound-inoculated European pears, cv. La-France, were investigated. After HWI at 40, 45, 48, 50, 52 and 54C for varying immersion periods, the pears were held at 20C, ≥ 90% RH (simulated retail conditions). The peel color (L*, a*, b*) was determined before and after HWI treatment. The dominant role of L* suggested that peel darkening was the major factor in color change of the HWI treated pears. The L* value of 54 was judged as the border line for acceptability and less than 51 resulted in browning. Similarly the critical points for a*, b*, chroma, hue and ΔE* were found to be −6, 34, 35, 100, and 8, respectively. Disease incidence recorded 7 days after treatment revealed that High Temperature Short Time (HTST) treatment of 54C for 3 min reduced incidence about 85% with good retention of color. Both temperature and immersion period are to be carefully selected to prolong shelf-life and retain the peel color quality of 'La-France'pears.     

船用柴油机NOx等有害排放气体的评价及处理研究--燃料喷射系统对乳化燃料在船用柴油机上使用的影响及脱硝装置的适用性

对原试验用柴油机的燃料喷射系统进行了改造。改造后的燃料喷射系统不仅可降低 NOx 的排放 ,而且使高加水率乳化燃料的使用成为可能。但另一方面 ,在低负荷时 ,使用乳化燃料不但不能获得预期的降低 NOx 排放效果 ,反而使其它有害排放增加。所以 ,也对降低 NOx 排放方法之一的脱硝装置进行了探讨 ,对其在船用柴油机上的适用性进行了试验 ,并获得了较好的效果     

橡胶等静压成型纳米ZrO2(3Y)粉素坯

对橡胶等静压成型(Rubber isostatic pressing,RIP)制备纳米Y-TZP陶瓷作了初步研究.研究结果表明,通过RIP成型,可以获得相对密度较高、体积较大的ZrO₂(3Y)素坯,并在较低温度下无压烧结得到纳米Y-TZP陶瓷.在1100℃下烧结2h所得的Y-TZP陶瓷的相对密度可达97％,晶粒仅为70nm左右.相对密度较高、平均孔径小是RIP成型素坯烧结温度低的主要原因.     

EFFECT OF ALKYL CHAIN LENGTH OF 3-ALKYLPENTANE-2, 4-DIONE ON THE EXTRACTION OF COPPER

The equilibrium and kinetics of the extraction of copper with 3-alkylpentane-2, 4-dione (-H, -C₂H₅, -Ph, and -C₈H₁₇) were studied. It was found that the overall equilibrium constant is related to the proton disscoiation constant and that the ratio of the stability constants of the copper chelate, β₂/β₁ ²was independent of the alkyl chain length of the β-diketone. The rate constants for the reactions between cupric ion and the β-diketones in the aqueous phase were obtained by the relaxation method. The values decreased in the order -H>-Ph>-C₂H₅. The observed extraction rates were explained by a kinetic model using the measured physicochemical properties.     

橡胶等静压成型纳米ZrO2(3Y)粉素坯

对像等静压成型（Rubber isostatic pressing,RIP)制备纳米Y－TZP陶瓷作了初步研究。研究结果表明，通过RIP成型，可以获得相对密度较高、体积较大的ZrO2(3Y)素坯，并在较低温度下无压烧结得到纳米Y－TZP陶瓷。在1100℃下烧结2h所得的Y－TZP陶瓷的相对密度可达97％，晶粒仅为70nm左右，相对密度较高，平均孔径小是RIP成型素坯烧结温度低的主要原因。     

Solid Solutions in the System Taeniolite-Sodium Taeniolite and Their Properties

Solid solutions in the system taeniolite (KMg₂LiSi₄O₁₀F₂)-sodium taeniolite (NaMg₂LiSi₄O₁₀F₂) were synthesized to study the solid solubility and swelling characteristics. Based on their melting behavior, crystals were grown for X-ray structural analysis. A complete solid solution series does not form in this system; there are two types of micas, K-rich taeniolite (0≤ x <0.5, x = Na/Na + K) and Na-rich taeniolite (0.8< x ≤l). The Na-rich taeniolite exhibits swelling properties, which become less pronounced with increasing potassium content. Melting and crystallization behavior were investigated by DTA. Solid solutions with higher sodium content melted at lower temperatures and crystallization occurred over a wide range of temperatures. To obtain larger crystals, the samples containing small crystallites were remelted at slightly above their melting points, then cooled slowly.