Winding Method to Reduce Vibration and Loss Caused by Fractional Slot of Synchronous Machine

Fractional‐slot windings are widely used in rotating machines in order to improve the output voltage waveform, increase the design flexibility, and gain many other advantages. However, fractional‐slot windings are known to produce different harmonic components such as an even order and/or fractional number of space flux harmonics compared to integral‐slot windings. These harmonics may increase stray losses and cause stator core vibration. This paper describes an analysis of space flux harmonics and proposes new winding methods such as “novel interspersed windings” to reduce these harmonic components. The proposed winding methods were verified by numerical analysis and model tests.     

关于三峡库区周边坡体岩石特性的考察

岩石强度的载荷速率相关性与岩石的时间相关性特性及粘弹性性质密切相关,而且强度的栽荷速率相关性越大,越容易发生蠕变破坏。对于坡体来说,如果构成坡体的岩石的时间相关性很显著．那么即使在比较低的应力下仅施加一点载荷,也容易发生变形。针对三峡库区周边滑坡多发,采集了组成滑坡坡体的4类主要岩石-泥岩、灰岩、泥质砂岩及砂岩。通过室内岩石力学强度试验,获得了不同岩石的强度特性曲线及表示载荷速率相关性的参数n。利用一个试件通过载荷速率交替变换获得了不同应变速率下的应力-应变曲线,从而根据强度的变化率不仅获得了峰值强度的载荷速率相关性,而且还求得了残余强度的载荷速率相关性。在单轴压缩试验中,残余强度的n值与峰值强度的n值有较大的差异,但在三轴压缩试验中两者的差异却不太明显。而且在气干状态下,不管是峰值强度还是残余强度的n值均随着围压的增加而增加。     

开挖扰动区内岩石的压密特性和强度恢复性研究

 利用交替变换荷载速率试验研究压密后岩石试样的强度恢复和荷载速率依存性。首先,分别对田下凝灰岩、来待砂岩、河津凝灰岩和三城目安山岩4种岩石试样在空心圆筒内进行压缩破坏,然后持续轴向加载,压密破坏后的岩石试样。从空心圆筒中推出压密后的试样,进行单轴压缩下的交替变换荷载速率试验,即按一定应变或位移间隔,对同一试样交替施加高低2种不同的荷载速率,得到对应于2种荷载速率的应力–应变曲线。在整个交替变换荷载速率试验过程中,应力随荷载速率的切换而增减。从交替变换荷载速率试验得到的应力–应变曲线上的荷载速率切换点出发,利用3次样条曲线拟合得到2条对应于高低2种荷载速率的应力–应变曲线,并求解强度点处荷载速率依存性参数n。试验结果表明,田下凝灰岩、来待砂岩和河津凝灰岩的强度恢复现象明显,单轴抗压强度随着压密试验中轴向最大荷载的增加而增加,但没有观察到三城目安山岩的强度恢复现象。当压密试验中的最大轴向荷载较大时,压密后的试样的荷载速率依存性与完整试样的基本一致。当压密试验中的最大轴向荷载较小时,从极大和极小2个方面求解荷载速率依存性参数n,得出完整试样的n值介于压密试样的极大值 和极小值 之间,且差值不大。研究结果表明,在进行适当支护之后,随着时间的推移,开挖扰动区内的岩石存在强度恢复的可能性,且今后利用数值模拟考虑开挖扰动区内的岩石强度恢复特性和时间依存性时,在本构方程中可以采用与完整围岩区域一样的参数,从而简化数值模拟程序。     

压密试验中破碎岩石压密特性的本构方程及数值模拟分析

 在以往室内压密试验的基础上,利用变量依存性本构方程对压密试验中试样的压密特性进行数值模拟。本构方程中,假定岩石破坏速度随着破坏接近度Sv的增加而增大;将破坏接近度扩展到三维应力状态,且在破坏接近度为负值的区域,引进强度恢复参数Hp(Hp= –Sv);通过假定压密岩石强度的恢复程度依赖于恢复参数Hp,对本构方程进行修正。从数值模拟结果可以看出：在压密过程中依存性变量? 逐渐变小时,修正后的本构方程可以描述压密过程中岩石的性质;尽管还需进一步研究和完善修正本构方程,但其具有较强的应用前景,能够较好地描述压密试验中破碎岩石的压密特性,解释地下建筑物围岩开挖扰动区的恢复现象。     

Search method for the matrix multiplier time constant and the weighting matrix of the multivariable Popov stability criterion

The multivariable Popov stability criterion contains two arbitrary diagonal matrices which are called the weighting matrix and the multiplier time constant matrix. The choice of the matrices determines the sharpness of the stability criterion obtained. In this paper, a method of searching for adequate values of the matrices is proposed. The method is based on the relation between the M-matrix and the positive-definite hermilian matrix. Numerical examples show that this method is useful in obtaining a sharper stability condition.     

岩石广义流变柔量、模量时间依存性

地下工程中,岩体有蠕变特性和应力松弛特性,但在很多工程实践中,岩体变形既不是纯蠕变,也不是纯应力松弛,而是随着时间的增加,应力和应变同时发生变化,表现出时间依存性变形,导致岩体最终发生破坏,这种现象用一般的蠕变和应力松弛特性很难解释清楚,是岩石力学研究工作者所面临的一个难题.为确保地下工程及其构筑物在长期运营过程中的安...     

二氧化钛光触媒PTFE膜材

膜材料的涂层有PTFE和PVC等,以玻璃丝纤维布为基材的PTFE膜材料,比容易劣化的PVC膜材料有更高的强度和更优秀的耐久性。PTFE膜材可以使阳光通过。在白天,建筑物内不需要照明,有很好的节能效果。     

基于应力归还控制的岩石荷载速率依存性研究

 采用应力归还伺服控制方法,对I和II类岩石荷载速率依存性进行研究。首先,运用变阻器技术,实现伺服试验机应力归还控制,能对岩石峰后进行稳定控制,完整地获得岩石的全应力–应变曲线。其次,对I(田下凝灰岩、荻野凝灰岩)和II类岩石(江持安山岩、井口砂岩)进行恒定荷载速率、交替荷载速率和加载–卸载–加载组合试验,组合试验对弹性和非弹性应变成功地进行了分离,得到非弹性应变和应力的对应关系。试验结果表明,破坏强度、破坏应变、杨氏模量和破坏寿命具有明显的荷载速率特性。最后,对峰前区域的荷载速率依存性常数n提出了3种求解方法,为研究岩石的速率效应奠定了基础。     

Proposal and Feasibility Study of the Integrated Diode Synchronous Motor

This paper presents a new type of magnet‐free motor that has concentrated stator windings and rotor coils with a pair of diodes. The most important feature of this motor is that currents in the rotor coils can be generated by utilizing the changes in the spatial second harmonic of the magnetic fields due to the concentrated stator windings, which normally increase motor losses. A prototype of the motor was designed and fabricated, and its basic performance was evaluated. First, using simplified analytic models, we explain the mechanism of inducing currents in the rotor coils by the changes in the spatial second harmonic of the magnetic fields. Second, we compare the torque performance of the proposed motor and that of other types of motors including a magnet motor through finite‐element analyses. The analyzed data show that the proposed motor can possess greater torque/volume ratio than that of the other motors. Finally, using the measured data, we validate the mechanism of inducing currents in the rotor coils, and examine the torque and power characteristics of the motor.