基于第三方物流的家具配送开放式车辆路径问题

为了降低家具配送成本,提高物流效率,基于第三方物流配送模式,构建了以总行驶距离最短和车辆数最少为最优目标的开放式车辆路径问题(open vehicle routing problem,OVRP)数学模型,并设计了一个改进的两阶段禁忌搜索算法进行求解,第1阶段求解包含所有客户的TSP(traveling salesman problem)路径来作为第2阶段划分OVRP路径的基础.设计了一个随机动态禁忌表,并将"邻域算子编号"和"邻域交换点对"同时作为禁忌对象,避免了过度禁忌的情况.另外,对5个邻域算子进行了测试,表明采用由点交换、分序点插入、点逆序和前点前向插入这4个算子组成的多邻域结构体效果最佳.经算例测试和文献对比,验证了设计算法的有效性,采用第三方物流配送比自营物流配送更节省成本.     

带多软时间窗VRP及其禁忌搜索算法

分析了带多软时间窗VRP实际应用背景和特点,以使用的车辆数、行驶费用和偏离时间窗的惩罚费用为优化目标,结合车辆载重、最大路长等限制,建立该问题的数学模型,并设计求解该问题的自适应禁忌搜索算法。为增强算法的全局寻优能力,设计了多邻域结构并在算法中嵌入一种有限地接受不可行解的自适应机制。分别用文献中的算例和以Solomon标准算例为基础构建的新算例测试该算法,并将结果与其他方法进行对比分析。对比结果表明,所提出的算法性能较好,能在可接受的时间内求出运输成本更少、满意度更高的解。     

A New Highly Anisotropic Rh-Based Heusler Compound for Magnetic Recording

The development of high-density magnetic recording media is limited by superparamagnetism in very small ferromagnetic crystals. Hard magnetic materials with strong perpendicular anisotropy offer stability and high recording density. To overcome the difficulty of writing media with a large coercivity, heat-assisted magnetic recording was developed, rapidly heating the media to the Curie temperature T_c before writing, followed by rapid cooling. Requirements are a suitable T_c, coupled with anisotropic thermal conductivity and hard magnetic properties. Here, Rh₂CoSb is introduced as a new hard magnet with potential for thin-film magnetic recording. A magnetocrystalline anisotropy of 3.6 MJ m⁻³ is combined with a saturation magnetization of μ₀M_s = 0.52 T at 2 K (2.2 MJ m⁻³ and 0.44 T at room temperature). The magnetic hardness parameter of 3.7 at room temperature is the highest observed for any rare-earth-free hard magnet. The anisotropy is related to an unquenched orbital moment of 0.42 μ_B on Co, which is hybridized with neighboring Rh atoms with a large spin–orbit interaction. Moreover, the pronounced temperature dependence of the anisotropy that follows from its T_c of 450 K, together with a thermal conductivity of 20 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, make Rh₂CoSb a candidate for the development of heat-assisted writing with a recording density in excess of 10 Tb in.⁻².     

Selective catalytic hydrogenation of naphthalene to tetralin over a NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst

The selective catalytic hydrogenation of naphthalene to high-value tetralin was systematically investigated. A series of Al₂O₃ catalysts containing different active metals (Co, Mo, Ni, W) were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation. The effects of different active metals forms (oxidation, reduction, sulfuration) and reaction conditions on naphthalene hydrogenation were investigated and the catalysts were characterized by XRD, XPS, BET, NH₃- TPD and SEM. Especially, Ni-Mo/Al₂O₃ was first used in this reactive system. The results show that the oxidative 4%NiO-20%MoO₃/Al₂O₃ is the best catalyst for the preparation of tetralin. The conversion of naphthalene and the selectivity of tetralin can reach 95.62% and 99.75% respectively at 200 ℃, 8 h and 6 MPa. Compared with reduced and sulfureted 4%NiO-20%MoO₃/Al₂O₃ catalysts, oxidative 4%NiO-20%MoO₃/Al₂O₃ has a well dispersed and uniform monolayer of the active metals, larger pore volume and size, and larger total acidity. NiO-MoO₃/Al₂O₃ has a synergistic effect between NiO activity and MoO₃ selectivity.     

MP-AES法测定皮革和纺织品中可萃取重金属含量

采用微波等离子体原子发射光谱法(MP-AES)测定皮革和纺织品中9种可萃取重金属的含量。样品经过人工酸性汗液萃取,MP-AES测定其As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Sb的可萃取含量。结果表明:方法检出限在0.004～0.330mg/kg之间,加标回收率在89%～108%之间,相对标准偏差小于1.5%。该方法操作简便,可实现多种元素同时测定,检出限低、线性范围宽并具有良好的准确度和精密度,与ICP-OES法具有极佳的吻合性,适用于皮革和纺织品中可萃取重金属含量的检测。     

大型原油储罐用12MnNiVR钢板的试制

介绍鄂钢4 300 mm宽厚板厂采用先进的轧钢设备、辐射管加热氮气保护气氛无氧化辊底式热处理炉和辊压式淬火机试制12MnNiVR钢板的过程。通过控制轧制和调质处理,钢板金相组织为回火索氏体;各项指标均满足GB 19189-2003的要求,外形及尺寸均满足GB 709-2006标准要求。     

A linear actuator with an SMA clamping mechanism for dual-slider positioning

Microsystem Technologies - In this paper, a linear actuator with a shape memory alloy (SMA) clamping mechanism for dual-slider positioning is proposed by using a single piezoelectric element (PZT)....     

基于差分进化算法的RFID定位

针对传统射频识别(RFID)定位过程繁琐,系统定位精确度低以及计算较为复杂的问题,提出一种利用差分进化(DE)算法优化RFID定位精确度的方法。该方法首先随机初始参考标签的位置坐标,通过接收信号强度(RSS)值计算出阅读器与标签之间的测量距离,再通过优化阅读器与参考标签和待测标签之间的距离误差,估计出离待测标签最近的位置坐标,最后与经典LANDMARC定位系统做比较。仿真结果表明,经典LANDMARC定位系统的平均定位误差为1.115 8 m,而利用差分进化算法优化后的系统平均定位误差为0.001 2 m,从而证明利用差分进化算法优化RFID定位的方法是有效的。     

Simplified particle swarm algorithm based on nonlinear decrease extreme disturbance and Cauchy mutation

Abstract

Concerning the drawbacks that particle swarm optimisation algorithm is easy to fall into the local optima, and has low solution precision, the simplified particle algorithm which based on the nonlinear decrease extreme disturbance and Cauchy mutation is proposed. The algorithm simplifies particle updating formula, and uses logistic chaotic sequence to initialise the particle position, which can improve the global search ability of population; nonlinear decrease extreme disturbance strategy enhanced the diversity of the population and avoid the particles trapping in local optimum; a novel Cauchy mutation is used for the optimal particle variation to generate more optimal guiding particle movement. The experimental simulation on seven typical test functions shows that the proposed algorithm can effectively avoid falling into local optimal solution, the search speed and optimisation accuracy have improved significantly. The algorithm is suitable to solve the function optimisation problem.