Enhanced Solubility of Paracetamol by Various Hydrotropic Agents

The increase in the aqueous solubility of paracetamol by the use of various hydro tropes was studied.

These agents were sodium glycinate, sodium gentisate, sodium salicylate and nicotinamide. All of these agents increased the aqueous solubility to varying degrees, with nicotinamide and sodium salicylate being the most efficient solubilizers.

A conductance parameter was investigated as a mean of aiding interpretation of the solubility data. Dielectric constants could only be determined in the nicotinamide systems.

Ultra-violet spectral analysis, TLC, infra-red, and NMR techniques were utilized in order to elucidate the solubility mechanism. These tests indicate that no special bonding or complex formation exists for the sodium salt hydrotropes in these preliminary work. There is some evidence from UV & TLC analysis that nicotinamide and paracetamol enter into complex formation.

The other hydrotropic agents, in this study indicate the mechanism of solubilization is one of “salting - in” by causing miscibility of two formally immiscible liquid phases of ternary systems.     

Intelligent system for visual web content analytics: A new approach and case study

The accuracy of searches for visual data elements, as well as other types of information, depends on the terms used by the user in the input query to retrieve the relevant results and to reduce the irrelevant ones. Most of the results that are returned are relevant to the query terms, but not to their meaning. For example, certain types of web contents hold hidden information that traditional search engines are unable to retrieve. Searching for the mathematical construct of 1/x using Google will not result in the retrieval of the documents that contain the mathematically equivalent expressions (i.e. x^?1). Because conventional search engines fall short of providing math-search capabilities. One of these capabilities is the ability of these search engines to detect the mathematical equivalence between users’ quires and math contents. In addition, users sometimes need to use slang terms, either to retrieve slang-based visual data (e.g. social media content) or because they do not know how to write using classical form. To solve such a problem, this paper proposed an AI-based system for analysing multilingual slang web contents so as to allow a user to retrieve web slang contents that are relevant to the user’s query. The proposed system presents an approach for visual data analytics, and it also enables users to analyse hundreds of potential search results/web pages by starting an informed friendly dialogue and presenting innovative answers.     

A multithreaded programming approach for multimedia big data: encryption system

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Multimedia is currently seen to dominate the internet network and the mobile network traffic; hence, it is seen as the largest Big data. Generally, the symmetric...     

A new probabilistic broadcasting scheme for mobile ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routed networks

Broadcast is a fundamental operation used in Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) for many services, such as route discovery and sending information messages. The direct method to perform broadcast is a simple flooding, which can decrease the performance of MANET. Recently, a probabilistic approach to flooding has been proposed as one of most important suggested solutions to solve the broadcast storm problem, which leads to the collision, contention and duplicated messages. This paper presents the Smart Probabilistic Broadcasting (SPB) as a new probabilistic method to improve the performance of existing on-demand routing protocols by reducing the RREQ overhead during the rout discovery operation. The simulation results show that the combination of AODV and a suitable probabilistic rout discovery can reduce the average end-to-end delay as well as overhead, while achieving low normalized routing load, compared to AODV that uses fixed probability and blind flooding. Simulation experiments have been conducted to examine our proposed scheme. The results show that SPB outperforms its counterparts and opens up a promising framework towards optimal probabilistic broadcasting.     

The impact of match importance and gender on the team-serving attributional bias among interdependent sports team players.

This study examined the team-serving attributional bias (TSAB), and moderators of this bias, in sports team players. The authors predicted that, in line with a motivational explanation for TSABs, members of successful teams would make more internal, stable, and controllable attributions than would members of unsuccessful teams, but only after an important match. The authors also examined the impact of gender. After a competitive match, 528 athletes completed a Causal Dimension Scale for Teams and measures of perceived success and match importance. A series of hierarchical multiple regressions indicated that perceptions of success were positively associated with stable, internal, and externally controllable attributions. The authors also found that stability attributions were moderated by gender and match importance, with perceptions of success being positively associated with stable attributions for males regardless of match importance but positively associated with stable attributions only for those females who perceived the match to be important. The results, therefore, provide support for the use of TSABs within sports teams but also indicate that their use may be moderated by gender and match importance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A resource-efficient encryption algorithm for multimedia big data

Nowadays, multimedia is considered to be the biggest big data as it dominates the traffic in the Internet and mobile phones. Currently symmetric encryption algorithms are used in IoT but when considering multimedia big data in IoT, symmetric encryption algorithms incur more computational cost. In this paper, we have designed and developed a resource-efficient encryption system for encrypting multimedia big data in IoT. The proposed system takes the advantages of the Feistel Encryption Scheme, an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), and genetic algorithms. To satisfy high throughput, the GPU has also been used in the proposed system. This system is evaluated on real IoT medical multimedia data to benchmark the encryption algorithms such as MARS, RC6, 3-DES, DES, and Blowfish in terms of computational running time and throughput for both encryption and decryption processes as well as the avalanche effect. The results show that the proposed system has the lowest running time and highest throughput for both encryption and decryption processes and highest avalanche effect with compared to the existing encryption algorithms. To satisfy the security objective, the developed algorithm has better Avalanche Effect with compared to any of the other existing algorithms and hence can be incorporated in the process of encryption/decryption of any plain multimedia big data. Also, it has shown that the classical and modern ciphers have very less Avalanche Effect and hence cannot be used for encryption of confidential multimedia messages or confidential big data. The developed encryption algorithm has higher Avalanche Effect and for instance, AES in the proposed system has an Avalanche Effect of %52.50. Therefore, such system is able to secure the multimedia big data against real-time attacks.

     

A new dynamic counter-based broadcasting scheme for Mobile Ad hoc Networks

Broadcasting is an essential operation in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) to transmit a message (data packet) from the sender to the rest of the network nodes. Although flooding is the simplest mechanism for broadcasting, where each node retransmits every uniquely received message exactly once, it is usually costly and results in serious redundancy, contention and collisions in the network. These problems are widely referred to as the broadcast storm problem. In the light of this, this study introduces a new counter-based broadcasting scheme to achieve efficient broadcasting in MANETs. This is achieved by using a counter-based scheme with a dynamic threshold to increase the successful delivery rate of packets and enhance the throughput of the network. Extensive simulation experiments have been conducted. Our results show that the new scheme outperforms the well known exiting schemes, namely the two counter-based broadcasting scheme and blind flooding.     

Solubilization of Paracetamol Using Non-Ionic Surfactants and Co-Solubilizers

The influence of certain aqueous non-ionic surfactants, cosolvents and cosolvent - surfactant blends on the enhanced solubility of paracetamol were studied. Dielectric constants of these solvent systems with and without paracetamol were determined. In several instances, paracetamol was increased in solubility by 5-7 fold, depending on the system used. Dielectric constants were affected to varying degrees by these systems.

The cosolvents, propylene glycol and glycerin apparently suppress micelle formation.     

Bioavailability of Hydrochlorothiazide Suspension

Flocculated and deflocculated suspensions of hydrochlorothiazide stabilized with certain natural stabilizers, some earthy silicates and one member of carbomers were submitted for dissolution studies in simulated gastric juice. Also, the flow rate, PH, sodium and potassium content of urine of five human volunteers administering the drug suspensions were determined as well. The correlation between the dissolution rate and the pharmacologic response of the drug suspensions was declared.