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Poly(acrylamide‐co‐maleic acid) [P(AAm/MA)] hydrogels, with various compositions, were prepared from ternary mixtures of acrylamide (AAm)/maleic acid (MA)/water by using 60Co γ‐rays. The effect of composition of these hydrogels, on the competitive removal of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ ions from aqueous solution, was investigated. The hydrogel compositions and their adsorption behaviors were determined by use of differential pulse polarography, a very sensitive electroanalytical technique. It was observed that the external stimuli of pH, temperature, and ionic strength have an important role on the adsorption. The increments of MA content in P(AAm/MA) hydrogels caused a significant increase in the adsorption these ions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 2401–2406, 2004 相似文献
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Lehrer Christiane Eseryel U. Yeliz Rieder Annamina Jung Reinhard 《Electronic Markets》2021,31(4):747-764
Electronic Markets - Physical inactivity is a global public health problem that poses health risks to individuals and imposes financial burdens on already strained healthcare systems. Wearables... 相似文献
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There are various algorithms used for binary classification where the cases are classified into one of two non-overlapping classes. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is the most widely used metric to evaluate the performance of alternative binary classifiers. In this study, for the application domains where the high degree of imbalance is the main characteristic and the identification of the minority class is more important, we show that hit rate based measures are more correct to assess model performances and that they should be measured on out of time samples. We also try to identify the optimum composition of the training set. Logistic regression, neural network and CHAID algorithms are implemented for a real marketing problem of a bank and the performances are compared. 相似文献
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Yeliz Yildirim Zafer GonulalanSebnem Pamuk Nurhan Ertas 《Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)》2011,44(3):725-728
The current study was carried out to detect Salmonella spp. contamination on chicken carcasses and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles and serotype distribution of the isolates. A total of 200 packaged fresh raw chicken samples sold at retail in different markets in central Anatolia were analysed between April 2005 and March 2006. Salmonella spp. was detected in 34% (68/200) of samples using cultural technique and were confirmed by PCR. Ten Salmonella serovars were identified; predominant ones included Typhimurium, Infantis and Heidelberg. All of the Salmonella spp. isolates tested, exhibited resistance to one or more antimicrobial agents used. Resistance to penicillin, oxacillin, clindamycin, vancomycin, erythromycin and ampicillin were evident 100%, 97%, 97%, 92.6%, 89.7% and 85.2%, respectively. Also resistance to tetracycline (67.6%), streptomycin (61.7%), neomycin (55.8%) and cephalothin (52.9%) was observed but a small percentage of the isolates demonstrated resistance to gentamicin (14.7%), chloramphenicol (10.2%), cefotaxime (2.9%) and amikacin (2.9%). As a result, high prevalence of Salmonella spp. and the relatively high resistance among the bacteria tested could pose public health and therapeutic problems in consumers as potential vehicle of resistant Salmonella foodborne infections. To avoid Salmonella contamination, hygienic rules of slaughter and poultry meat processing must be rigorously observed and antibiotic use must be controlled by governmental agencies to prevent increased resistance of antibiotics. 相似文献
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Giorgio Brajnik Yeliz Yesilada Simon Harper 《Universal Access in the Information Society》2011,10(4):403-423
Web site-evaluation methodologies and validation engines take the view that all accessibility guidelines must be met to gain
compliance. Problems exist in this regard, as contradictions within the rule set may arise, and the type of impairment or
its severity is not isolated. The Barrier Walkthrough (BW) method goes someway to addressing these issues, by enabling barrier
types derived from guidelines to be applied to different user categories such as motor or visual impairment, etc. However,
the problem remains of combinatorial explosion of possibilities when one has to consider users with multiple disabilities.
In this paper, a simple set theory operation is used to create a validation scheme for older users by aggregating barrier
types specific to motor impaired and low-vision users, thereby creating a new “older users” category from the results of this
set union. To evaluate the feasibility and validity of this aggregation approach, two BW experiments were conducted. The first
experiment evaluated the aggregated results by focusing on quality attributes and showed that aggregation generates data whose
quality is comparable to the original one. However, this first experiment could not test for validity, as the older users
category was not included. To remedy this deficiency, another BW experiment was conducted with expert judges who evaluated
a web page in the context of older users. In this second experiment, it was found that there is no significant difference
between the aggregated and the manually evaluated (by experts) barrier scores, and that the same barriers are identified using
experts and aggregation, even though there are differences in how severity scores are distributed. From these results, it
is concluded that the aggregation of barriers is a viable alternative to expert evaluation, when the target of that aggregation
could not be evaluated manually or it would not be feasible to do so. It is also argued that aggregation is a technique that
can be used in combination with other evaluation methods, like user testing or subjective assessments. 相似文献
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Robust microencapsulated phase change materials in concrete mixes for sustainable buildings 下载免费PDF全文
Beyza Beyhan Kemal Cellat Yeliz Konuklu Caner Gungor Okan Karahan Cengiz Dundar Halime Paksoy 《国际能源研究杂志》2017,41(1):113-126
For passive building applications, phase change materials (PCMs) are microencapsulated to avoid leakage of PCM from concrete structure. The primary challenge of using microencapsulated PCM (MPCM) is its weak shell structure. New MPCMs with different shell compositions to prevent breakage during mixing in fresh concrete are needed. In this study, free radical polymerization method to microencapsulate capric acid–myristic acid mixture as PCM with two different methyl methacrylate co‐polymers is proposed to produce robust MPCMs for building applications. Two new microcapsules (MPCM‐1 and MPCM‐2) having latent heats of 91.9 and 97.3 J/g were synthesized. SEM analyses showed the size of microcapsules being in the range of 400–850 nm for MPCM‐1 and 250–475 nm for MPCM‐2. Analyses also reveal that the shells of MPCMs were not harmed, as they were added into concrete mixes. The microsphere's geometry was preserved, and distribution was homogeneous. The MPCMs were also studied under thermal tests of 1000 heating/cooling cycles. No significant changes in thermal properties were observed after thermal cycling tests. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Conventional thought from the Semantic Web community equates the use of ontologies with the representation of the meaning of content. Here, we skew this viewpoint by describing our ontology, Web Authoring for Accessibility (WAfA), which investigates the way ontologies can describe the semantic structure of documents. By understanding the way heterogeneous XHTML (Extensible Hypertext Mark-up Language) documents are structured we can better transform documents, currently inaccessible to visually impaired users. WAfA performs two tasks: (1) it allows us to flexibly model an XHTML document within the context of navigation and orientation through the Web resource; (2) it enables non-expert users to quickly annotate a Web document by providing a ‘lingua franca’ between author and Web Accessibility Domain Experts. Here we describe our ontology, its use, novelty, and importance. 相似文献
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Ayhan Mergen Yeliz İpek Hülya Bölek Mustafa Öksüz 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2012,32(9):2001-2005
In this study, nano sized zinc borate powder with a formula of 4ZnO·B2O3·H2O was synthesized using 2ZnO·3B2O3·3.0–3.5H2O as a starting chemical which was produced using a wet chemical method. After dissolving 2ZnO·3B2O3·3.0–3.5H2O in an ammonia solution, the clear solution was boiled until a white powder formed. The resultant powder was characterized with XRD, FTIR, TGA and TEM. XRD, FTIR and TGA results proved that the powder was belonged to the 4ZnO·B2O3·H2O. Nano composites of 4ZnO·B2O3·H2O–polyvinylchloride (PVC) were produced by injection moulding by adding 1 and 5 wt% zinc borate powders into PVC to enhance its flame retardancy. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) of virgin PVC increased from 41% to 47% and 54% for the 1 and 5 wt% zinc borate added PVC, respectively. Nano zinc borate addition into the PVC does not have considerable negative effect on the mechanical properties of zinc borate–PVC composites even at high amounts of 5 wt%. 相似文献
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Temperature fluctuations during storage and transportation are the most important factors affecting quality and shelf life of food products. Phase change materials (PCM) with their isothermal characteristics are used to control temperature in various thermal operations. In this study, octanoic acid as PCM candidate was used in a packaging material design for thermal control of a food product. The PCM candidate was microencapsulated in different shell materials in our laboratory. Among the synthesized microcapsules, microencapsulated PCM (mPCM) (ΔHm = 42.9 J/g) with styrene polymer as the shell material was selected based on its properties of being cost effective and compatibility with human health. Thermal buffering effect of PCM in bulk and microencapsulated forms was tested in a packaging design with special PCM pockets. Results showed that packages with mPCM and bulk PCM provided 8.8 and 6 hours of thermal buffering effect for 160 g of chocolate compared with the package without PCM (reference package). 相似文献