Phase constitution,microstructure and mechanical properties of a Ni-based superalloy specially designed for additive manufacturing

In this study, a kind of Ni-based superalloy specially designed for additive manufacturing (AM) was investigated. Thermo-Calc simulation and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were used to determine phases and their transformation temperature. Experimental specimens were prepared by laser metal deposition (LMD) and traditional casting method. Microstructure, phase constitution and mechanical properties of the alloy were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission scanning electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and tensile tests. The results show that this alloy contains two basic phases, γ/γ', in addition to these phases, at least two secondary phases may be present, such as MC carbides and Laves phases. Furthermore, the as-deposited alloy has finer dendrite, its mean primary dendrite arm space (PDAS) is about 30-45 μm, and the average size of γ' particles is 100-150 nm. However, the dendrite size of the as-cast alloy is much larger and its PDAS is 300-500 μm with secondary and even third dendrite arms. Correspondingly, the alloy displays different tensile behavior with different processing methods, and the as-deposited specimen shows better ultimate tensile stress (1,085.7±51.7 MPa), yield stress (697±19.5 MPa) and elongation (25.8%±2.2%) than that of the as-cast specimen. The differences in mechanical properties of the alloy are due to the different morphology and size of dendrites, γ', and Laves phase, and the segregation of elements, etc. Such important information would be helpful for alloy application as well as new alloy development.     

掏挖与岩石锚杆复合型基础上拔承载机理和影响因素研究

针对掏挖与岩石锚杆复合型基础上拔承载机理不明确的问题,基于现场试验工况,利用Plaxis3D有限元软件建立复合型基础抗拔承载模型,研究其上拔承载机理。在此基础上,研究了土体弹性模量、岩体弹性模量、土体黏聚力对复合型基础各部分的承载影响,分析了掏挖基础和岩石群锚基础的承载力发挥情况、上拔变形、塑性区开展,并给出了复合型基础的改进方案。结果表明:上拔变形刚度较大的岩锚基础对复合型基础的承载极限状态起控制作用;掏挖基础和岩石锚杆基础的上拔变形协调性是影响复合型基础承载力发挥的关键;适当增加掏挖基础嵌入岩石的深度可有效提高复合型基础的抗拔承载力。     

高效产表面活性剂菌株（Lz2～1）的筛选及其特性研究

从24份含油土壤和水等样品中,经富集培养、摇瓶培养和排油活性测定等方法筛选出一株能以原油为碳源产生表面活性剂的菌株Lz2—1;该菌株可以将水的表面张力由72mN／m降到28mN／m,且发酵液具有较好的乳化活性;经生理生化16SrDNA及生理生化实验确定该菌株为铜绿假单胞菌;提取其代谢产物经薄层层析及红外色谱分析显示,主要的表面活性剂类物质为鼠李糖脂类,其临界胶束质量浓度为0．63047g／L。结果表明,表面活性物质是Lz2—1菌株在微生物采油过程中发挥作用的主要因素。     

Evaluation method of cracking resistance of lightweight aggregate concrete

The cracking behavior of lightweight aggregate concrete（LWAC） was investigated by mechanical analysis, SEM and cracking-resistant test where a shrinkage-restrained ring with a clapboard was used. The relationship between the ceramsite type and the cracking resistance of LWAC was built up and compared with that of normal-weight coarse aggregate concrete（NWAC）. A new method was proposed to evaluate the cracking resistance of concrete, where the concepts of cracking coefficient ζt（t） and the evaluation index Acr（t） were proposed, and the development of micro-cracks and damage accumulation were recognized. For the concrete with an ascending cracking coefficient curve, the larger Acr（t） is, the lower cracking resistance of concrete is. For the concrete with a descending cracking coefficient curve, the larger Acr（t） is, the stronger the cracking resistance of concrete is. The evaluation results show that in the case of that all the three types of coarse aggregates in concrete are pre-soaked for 24 h, NWAC has the lowest cracking resistance, followed by the LWAC with lower water absorption capacity ceramsite and the LWAC with higher water absorption capacity ceramsite has the strongest cracking resistance. The proposed method has obvious advantages over the cracking age method, because it can evaluate the cracking behavior of concrete even if the concrete has not an observable crack.     

灯泡贯流式机组轴承温度的人工神经网络建模探讨

本文在现场监测数据的基础上应用人工神经网络方法,建立了灯泡贯流式机组轴承温度的数学模型,并与实际的监测数据进行了对比分析。对比分析表明,所建立的人工神经网络模型,具有较高的计算精度,能够在已知机组工作参数的情况下,快速求出机组轴承的温度,该模型可以用于机组的计算机辅助运行系统开发中。     

Room temperature tensile deformation behavior of a Ni-based superalloy with high W content

K416B Ni-based superalloy with high W content has good high temperature properties and low cost, which has a great development potential. To investigate the room temperature tensile property and the deformation feature of K416B superalloy, tensile testing at room temperature was carried out, and optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyze the deformation and damage mechanisms. Results show that the main room temperature tensile deformation features of the K416B nickel-based superalloy are dislocations slipping in the matrix and shearing into γ′ phase. The <110> super-dislocations shearing into γ′ phase can form the anti-phase boundary two coupled (a/2)<110> partial-dislocations or decompose into the configuration of two (a/3)<112> partial dislocations plus stacking fault. In the later stage of tensile testing, the slip-lines with different orientations are activated in the grain, causing the stress concentration in the regions of block carbide or the porosity, and cracks initiate and propagate along these regions.

     

半刚性端板连接多层钢框架地震反应的弹性时程分析

由于缺乏计算理论和方法,大多数半刚性节点按刚性节点进行设计,与实际情况相差很大.本文采用有限元分析的方法,将半刚性连接节点视为弹簧单元,通过通用有限元软件ANSYS建立有限元模型进行时程计算分析,研究了节点刚度对多层钢框架结构抗震性能的影响.计算结果表明,采用了半刚性连接的钢框架结构,相对于理想刚接的情况,结构的自振周期和振型都有很大变化,在地震作用下结构的底部剪力明显减小,动力响应变化很大.在钢框架分析和设计中,应考虑半刚性节点的影响.     

黄河流域河流水化学特征分布规律及对比研究

河流水化学的变化可以从一定程度上反映出人类活动对水环境的影响。根据近10年来黄河流域的水化学监测资料，分析了河川径流矿化度、总硬度和水化学类型的地区分布，统计了黄河干流沿程变化及主要支流水化学变化情况。并与20世纪80年代初第一次黄河流域水资源评价的结果进行了对比。对比结果表明：除个别站点外，大多数测站的矿化度和总硬度均有不同程度的增大，个别站点水化学类型有所改变，显示水质变差。     

节点刚度对多层平面钢框架抗震性能的影响分析

工程中多层钢框架结构经常采用半刚性连接形式,将半刚性连接节点视为弹簧单元,通过有限元软件A nsys建模进行分析.研究了节点刚度对多层钢框架结构动力性能的影响,结果表明,采用半刚性连接的钢框架结构,相对于理想刚接的情况,结构的自振周期和振型都有很大变化,在地震作用下结构的底部剪力明显减小,动力响应变化很大.     

Solidification pathways and hot tearing susceptibility of MgZnxY4Zr0.5 alloys

Hot tearing is known as one of the most serious solidification defects commonly encountered during solidification. It is very important to study the solidification path of alloys. In the work, thermal analysis with cooling curve was used for the investigation of microstructure evolution with different Zn contents during solidification process of MgZn_xY_4Zr_(0.5) alloys. Thermal analysis results of MgY_4Zr_(0.5) alloys revealed one distinct phase precipitation: α-Mg. Three different phase peaks were detected in the Zn-containing alloys: α-Mg, Z-phase(Mg_(12)YZn) and W-phase(Mg_3 Y_2Zn_3). In addition, for the present MgZn_xY_4Zr_(0.5) alloys, the freezing ranges of these alloys from large to small were: MgZn_(1.5)Y_4Zr_(0.5)MgZn)(3.0) Y)4Zr_(0.5)MgZn0.5 Y4 Zr0.5MgY_4Zr_(0.5). The effect of different contents of Zn(0, 0.5, 1.5, 3.0 wt.%) on hot tearing behavior of MgY_4Zr_(0.5) alloy was investigated using a constrained rod casting(CRC) apparatus equipped with a load cell and data acquisition system. The experimental results show that the addition of Zn element significantly increases hot tearing susceptibility(HTS) of the MgY_4Zr_(0.5) alloy due to its extended freezing range. Some free dendrite-like bumps and ruptured liquid films on the fracture surfaces were observed in all the fracture surfaces. These phenomena proved the fact that the hot tearing formation was caused by interdendritic separation due to lack of feeding at the end of solidification.