应用图论及广义简约梯度法进行压力管网优化设计

广义简约梯度法(GRG)是非线性规划算法中最有效的算法之一，本文把图论应用于广义简约梯度法优化的过程中，使输入简便，计算简化，应用GRG算法对武汉市的汉阳管网进行了模拟优化设计，并对管段的计算管径用线性规划法进行标准化，取得了满意的结果     

钢坯加热炉计算机控制动态数学模型的开发

本文论述了一个应用于加热炉计算机控制和优化操作的离散状态空间模型的开发.模型 基于描述钢坯不稳定导热的两维偏微分方程的相应的边界条件,应用系统分解和离散化方法, 最终转化为由一系列相互关联的子系统组成的大规模离散状态方程.根据加热炉的可测炉段 温度和钢坯的几何尺寸、钢种、移动速度等有关操作条件,模型实时地给出钢坯在炉内任意位 置温度分布的动态响应. 由大型加热炉工业试验数据表明,模型的精度能满足工程应用的要求. 本文还提出了应用数学模型实现加热炉递阶计算机空子的策略.     

Analysis of the Micro-Rotation Compliant Mechanism Based on the Corner-Filleted Flexure Hinges

基于直梁圆角型柔性铰链的小转角柔顺机构

鄢永耀^1,2,刘伟¹ ,颜昌翔¹ ,付锦江^1,2

（1.中国科学院 长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,吉林 130033;

2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049）

创新点说明：

1）通过对称变换和坐标平移的方法较为简单方便的推导出了直梁圆角型柔性铰链的柔度公式;

2）设计了一种由8个直梁圆角型柔性铰链组成的适用于某快速微调装置中的小转角柔顺机构

研究目的：

根据研究的直梁圆角型柔性铰链柔度公式及小转角柔顺机构力学特性,对某快速微调机构的旋转部分进行结构设计及优化。

研究方法：

1）对称变换及坐标变换的方法（理论计算）;

2）三维建模和有限元分析;

3）建立优化模型及运用matlab软件的fmincon优化指令。

结果：

1）推导了直梁圆角型柔性铰链的柔度公式;

2）设计了小转角柔顺机构,并推导出了工作力矩/刚度的理论公式;

3）根据某快速微调机构的技术要求,进行了结构设计及优化。

结论：

1）本文通过采用对称变换及坐标变换的方法,相比于传统的微积分直接计算更加简单方便的推导出了倒圆角柔性铰链的柔度公式,经验证,理论推导的结果与有限元结果比较大体一致,误差不超过8%。

2）结合此倒圆角柔性铰链的柔度公式,研究出一种一维旋转机构——小转角柔性机构,并推导出工作力矩/刚度的理论公式,分析了结构参数对工作刚度的影响,通过有限元分析及测试实验验证了柔性机构的力矩理论公式准确可靠。

3）根据某空间项目的技术要求,设计了相应的小转角柔性机构,并通过优化模型对此柔性机构进行了尺寸优化使得其满足约束条件的同时工作力矩尽量小。

关键词：柔性铰链,直梁圆角,柔顺机构,刚度,优化,理论模型

     

Progress of Phosphate-based Polyanion Cathodes for Aqueous Rechargeable Zinc Batteries

Aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries (ARZBs) are recently prevailing devices that utilize the abundant Zn resources and the merits of aqueous electrolytes to become a competitive alternative for large-scale energy storage. Benefiting from the unique inductive effect and flexible structure, the past five years have experienced a diversiform of phosphate-based polyanion materials that are used as cathodes in ARZBs. In this review, the most recent advances in the Zn²⁺ storage mechanisms and electrolyte optimization of the phosphate-based cathodes of ARZBs, which mainly focus on vanadium/iron-based phosphates and their derivatives are presented. Furthermore, in addition to significant progress on polyanion phosphate-based cathode materials, the design strategies both for electrode materials and compatible electrolytes are also elaborated to improve the energy density and extend the cycling life of aqueous Zn/polyanion batteries.     

Self-Mineralizing Dnazyme Hydrogel as a Multifaceted Bone Microenvironment Amendment for Promoting Osteogenesis in Osteoporosis

The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and minimal osteogenic raw material in the osteoporotic bone microenvironment greatly inhibits the activity of osteoblasts. Herein, it is originally proposed to construct a biomatrix multifaceted bone microenvironment amendment -Mineralized zippered G4-Hemin DNAzyme hydrogel (MDH)-to improve osteoporotic osteogenic capacity and promote high-quality bone defect repair. The programmed design of the rolling circle amplified DNA hydrogel synthesis system allows the introduction of massive amounts of zippered G4-Hemin DNAzyme in MDH. The zippered G4-Hemin DNAzyme highly mimics the tight catalytic configuration of horseradish peroxidase and exerts excellent enzyme-like activity with considerable ROS molecule scavenging ability. In addition, the DNA amplification by-product pyrophosphate is ingeniously employed as a sufficient phosphorus source, thus constituting an autonomous mineralization system for waste reuse through the introduction of pyrophosphate hydrolase and calcium ions, which deposits in MDH as an osteogenic raw material and addresses the challenge of DNA hydrogel bio-application stability. The remarkable in vitro and in vivo outcomes demonstrate that MDH can effectively improve the oxidative stress status of osteoblasts, restore the balance of mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduce apoptosis, ultimately demonstrating superior osteogenic capacity.     

多泥沙电站高水头低出力水轮机水力设计策略

在多泥沙河流运行的水轮机,经常受到严重的泥沙磨损危害,机组的检修周期及运行寿命普遍较低。特别是对于高水头低出力要求的水轮机,机组磨损情况往往更为严重。为提高机组的抗磨损性能,水力设计阶段需专门考虑降低流道流速进而提高抗磨损性能的方法。本文以木扎提河三级水电站小水轮机的设计为例,综合考虑易磨损部位的相对流速及机组水力性能,确定了适用于高水头小流量多泥沙电站的水轮机水力设计策略。研究表明常规降低转速的方法对转轮及导叶出口流速、密封间隙内流动均有显著影响,转速降低的程度应通过流场对比分析合理确定。在高水头电站导叶尾部磨损更为严重,通过采取增大分度圆、优化导叶翼型及相对位置等可有效降低导叶后相对流速。采用长短叶片转轮,可大大降低转轮内部流速,提高在高含沙条件下机组的抗磨损性能,提升水轮机的运行稳定性及安全使用寿命。本文的研究可为多泥沙电站的水轮机设计策略提供有效参考。     

压电能量收集接口电路的设计与仿真

为了给无线传感器网络节点提供稳定、高效且长期的能量供给,该文提出了一种基于增强型同步电荷提取电路的压电能量收集接口电路(ESECE)。利用Multisim电路仿真软件对增强型同步电荷提取电路进行仿真,并与标准压电能量收集接口电路(SHE)和同步电荷提取电路(SECE)进行对比分析。实验结果表明,在相同激励条件下,ESECE比SECE的输出功率提高了近30%,最大输出功率达到190μW,同时还保证了输出功率与负载电阻的无关性。     

3D Two-way coupled TEHD analysis on the lubricating characteristics of thrust bearings in pump-turbine units by combining CFD and FEA

The thermal elastic hydro dynamic(TEHD) lubrication analysis for the thrust bearing is usually conducted by combining Reynolds equation with finite element analysis(FEA). But it is still a problem to conduct the computation by combining computational fluid dynamics(CFD) and FEA which can simulate the TEHD more accurately. In this paper, by using both direct and separate coupled solutions together, steady TEHD lubrication considering the viscosity-temperature effect for a bidirectional thrust bearing in a pump-turbine unit is simulated combining a 3D CFD model for the oil film with a 3D FEA model for the pad and mirror plate. Cyclic symmetry condition is used in the oil film flow as more reasonable boundary conditions which avoids the oil temperature assumption at the leading and trailing edge. Deformations of the pad and mirror plate are predicted and discussed as well as the distributions of oil film thickness, pressure, temperature. The predicted temperature shows good agreement with measurements, while the pressure shows a reasonable distribution comparing with previous studies. Further analysis of the three-coupled-field reveals the reason of the high pressure and high temperature generated in the film. Finally, the influence of rotational speed of the mirror plate on the lubrication characteristics is illustrated which shows the thrust load should be balanced against the oil film temperature and pressure in optimized designs. This research proposes a thrust bearing computation method by combining CFD and FEA which can do the TEHD analysis more accurately.     

破片侵彻陶瓷/芳纶复合装甲数值模拟

利用三维非线性动力有限元程序LS-DYNA,建立了破片侵彻陶瓷/芳纶复合材料装甲的有限元分析模型,描述了侵彻过程的物理和力学现象,得出了一些重要参量的变化规律,与破片侵彻相同面密度的均质装甲钢装甲进行了比较.陶瓷/芳纶复合装甲的抗侵彻能力要优于相同面密度的均质钢装甲.     

Comparative Mitogenomics of the Genus Odontobutis (Perciformes: Gobioidei: Odontobutidae) Revealed Conserved Gene Rearrangement and High Sequence Variations

To understand the molecular evolution of mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) in the genus Odontobutis, the mitogenome of Odontobutis yaluensis was sequenced and compared with those of another four Odontobutis species. Our results displayed similar mitogenome features among species in genome organization, base composition, codon usage, and gene rearrangement. The identical gene rearrangement of trnS-trnL-trnH tRNA cluster observed in mitogenomes of these five closely related freshwater sleepers suggests that this unique gene order is conserved within Odontobutis. Additionally, the present gene order and the positions of associated intergenic spacers of these Odontobutis mitogenomes indicate that this unusual gene rearrangement results from tandem duplication and random loss of large-scale gene regions. Moreover, these mitogenomes exhibit a high level of sequence variation, mainly due to the differences of corresponding intergenic sequences in gene rearrangement regions and the heterogeneity of tandem repeats in the control regions. Phylogenetic analyses support Odontobutis species with shared gene rearrangement forming a monophyletic group, and the interspecific phylogenetic relationships are associated with structural differences among their mitogenomes. The present study contributes to understanding the evolutionary patterns of Odontobutidae species.