Effect of microwave heating time on the gel properties of chicken myofibrillar proteins and their formation mechanism

The present work was conducted to illustrate the mechanism of gel formation of myofibrillar proteins (MPs) under different microwave heating times. The results showed that the denaturation enthalpy (ΔH) of the MPs significantly decreased when the heating time increased from 3 to 9 s and then completely disappeared as the heating time progressed, indicating that the MPs gradually denatured and subsequently aggregated with increasing heating time, which was further verified by the changes in the secondary structure, electrophoretic bands, and gel properties (e.g., water holding capacity and textural profiles) of the MPs. Microstructural images indicated that the MP gel formed under 12 s had the most compact network, indicating that extended microwave heating time could induce quality deterioration of MP gels. Moreover, the hydrophobic forces, electrostatic forces, and disulphide bonds of the MPs gradually intensified with increasing microwave heating time, suggesting that both non-covalent and covalent bonds could promote molecular denaturation and subsequent aggregation of MPs. In addition, correlation analysis revealed that the changes in the molecular conformation of MPs induced by different microwave heating times could effectively regulate the formation of MP gels and their related properties.     

Structures and properties of chicken myofibrillar protein gel induced by microwave heating

Structures and properties of myofibrillar protein gel prepared at different power (300–800 W) were evaluated. Amino acid analysis demonstrated that changes in microwave power did not alter primary structure of gel. However, an increase in microwave power could change higher structures of gel. As microwave power increased, α-helix content decreased and β-sheet content increased. Increased microwave power probably facilitated protein to unfold and expose the internal groups, causing surface hydrophobicity and the formation of disulphide bonds were enhanced, which indicated changes in tertiary and quaternary structures of protein. At 500 W, gel had the best ultrastructure where surface morphology, springiness and water holding capacity reached the optimum. Our findings suggested that microwave at an appropriate power (500 W) could change higher structures of myofibrillar protein gel to achieve desired processing and quality protein gel characteristics.     

碳纳米管的制备及研究

介绍了在直流电弧放电法制备富勒烯过程中，从阴电极表面收集到大量的碳纳米管及巴基葱，产生率达到５０％，并用电子显微镜对其进行了观察和初步研究。     

用于铜的化学机械抛光液的研究

文中介绍了一种以碱性抛光液对铜进行全局平面化的方法 ,讨论了以 Si O2 水溶胶为磨料的抛光液在Cu-CMP过程中的化学 (络合 )作用及反应机理 ,并给出了抛光液的配比及上机实验结果。结果表明 :该抛光液用于对带有阻挡层和介质层的铜抛光 ,达到了对铜层的高去除速率和高选择比 ,取得了较好的全局平面化效果     

基于电子鼻的香蕉储存时间鉴别方法研究

研究了一种基于电子鼻系统的香蕉储存时间鉴别方法。实验检测了不同储存时间的香蕉样品,主成分分析方法可以较好地区分不同储存时间的香蕉样品,同时检验了样品的微生物指标以探讨电子鼻响应与微生物指标之间的关系。随机共振信噪比谱不但可以区分香蕉样品,同时基于信噪比特征值建立的香蕉储存时间鉴别模型具有较高的预测准确率。该方法具有较好的实际应用价值。     

低电压氧化锌压敏电阻器的研究

研究了一种制造低电电压氧化锌压敏电阻器的方法。在基本成分的基础上适当加入二氧化钛可降低梯度电压（Ｖ１ｍＡ／ｍｍ），适量掺硼和改进热处理工艺可减小元件的漏电流和提高其稳定性。     

一种基于CGAN-CNN的同步电机转子绕组匝间短路故障诊断方法

由于同步电机故障样本数量较少,为解决同步电机故障诊断中普遍存在的样本不平衡问题,提出了一种基于条件生成式对抗网络(CGAN)和卷积神经网络(CNN)的同步电机转子绕组匝间短路故障诊断方法.首先,对传感器收集到的数据进行预处理,对正常样本和故障样本分别添加标签后输入CGAN中生成大量新样本,将生成的新样本与原始样本混合并划分训练集和测试集;然后,利用CNN训练平衡后的数据集,充分、精准地提取有效故障特征;最后,在输出端利用Softmax分类器输出故障分类结果.通过实验证明,与非平衡数据集相比,利用平衡数据集后的故障识别准确率十分稳定且达到99.5％以上,同时与平衡的原始样本数据相比,生成样本避免了噪声和其他干扰,故障诊断的准确率也更高.     

2010年至2019年中国国家自然科学基金资助中国盐湖研究项目分析

国家自然科学基金对学科发展具有扶持、引导作用, 其资助情况能反映出学科发展态势、研究前沿和热点。以2010—2019年国家自然科学基金对盐湖研究的资助项目数据为分析对象, 利用EXCEL、R Studio、VOSviewer等软件对资助年度、资助金额、依托单位、资助类别、项目名称、关键词等内容进行统计分析, 揭示了国家自然科学基金对盐湖基础研究的资助力度、趋势、研究团队分布, 发现当前盐湖热点研究方向包括盐湖相化学与溶液化学、盐湖资源分离与利用技术、盐湖资源综合利用技术、盐湖成盐规律与机制、盐湖锂资源利用技术、盐湖化学性质研究。     

中国民间陶瓷艺术的审美特征

拙、粗、土常指物品样式的俗气以及工艺的糙劣，也是民间陶瓷带给观者的视觉感受，而换个角度理解以上的描述还可以转换为另外层面的意思：如拙是巧拙、粗是自然、土为淳朴等，本文正是从此方面来阐释它们所赋有的美以及同当下人们内心感情的关联：它们表现了存留于人们内心的某种愿想：回归自然、返朴归真。     

抗人IgG-抗HRP双特异性单克隆抗体的研制及初步应用

用8－AG（8－氮杂鸟嘌呤）驯化的HRP－MCAb（抗辣根过氧化物酶单克隆抗体）杂交瘤细胞HAT（次黄嘌呤氨基喋呤胸苷）敏感株与人IgG免疫的BALB／c小鼠脾细胞进行二次融合，获得5株能稳定分泌抗人IgG－抗HRP的BsMcAb（双特异性单克隆抗体）杂交－杂交癌细胞，用其混合腹水经HRP亲和层析纯化的BsMcAb制备BsMcAbPAP（双特异性单抗过氧化物酶-抗过氧化物酶复合物）试剂代替丙肝诊断试剂盒中酶标二抗，比较结果初步表明两者差异无显著意义，将为IgG的检测提供有用试剂。