Decomposition of Mullite by Silica Volatilization

Thermal decomposition of mullite into corundum was investigated using a high-temperature X-ray single-crystal camera equipped with a gas-flame furnace and by scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). When heated to ∼1750°C, mullite decomposed to corundum by the liberation of the SiO₂ component with topotaxial relations of:

• (1) 

  (310)_mull∥(001)_cor; [001]_mull∥[110]_cor
• (2) 

  (130)_mull∥(001)_cor; [001]_mull∥[110]_cor
• (3) 

  (110)_mull∥(001)_cor; [001]_mull∥[110]_cor

Thus, it was considered that, when mullite decomposed into corundum, their oxygen close-packed planes were almost preserved. The SEM photographs showed that the crystals of the developed corundum are prismatic and ∼5 μm wide. The EPMA showed that the phase boundary between mullite and developed corundum is discontinuous.     

EOS状态下基于多相流有规栅格理论的水-碳氢化合物两相体系的临界轨迹关系

Quantitative representation of complicated behavior of fluid mixtures in the critical region by any of equation-of-state theories remains as a difficults thermodynamic topics to date.In the present work,a computational efforts were made for representing various types of critical loci of binary water with hydrocarbon systems showing Type Ⅱ and Type Ⅲ phase behavior by an elementary equation of state[called multi-fluid nonrandom lattice fluid EOS(MF-NLF EOS)]based on the lattice statistical mechanical theory.The model EOS requires two molecular parameters which representing molecular size and interaction energy for a pure component and single adjustable interaction energy parameter for binary mixtures.Critical temperature and pressure data were used to obtain molecular size parameter and vapor pressure data were used to obtain interaction energy parameter.The MF-NLF EOS model adapted in the present study correlated quantitatively well the critical loci of various binary water with hydrocarbon systems.     

Determination of eigenvalues in Marshall's model reduction

This paper is concerned with the problem of determining eigenvalues, retained in Marshall's reduced order model, which have the largest effect on the retaining state vector or give the best approximate reduced system in the sense of ISE criterion. The main objective is to show that the usual choice of eigenvalues in Marshall's model reduction technique (decomposition of eigenvalues into fast modes and slow modes) does not necessarily give a well approximated reduced order model. Here the measure of approximation is defined and calculated by means of ISE criterion. The effectiveness of this method is explained by two illustrative examples.     

Chemical surface treatment of silicone for inducing its bioactivity

It has been confirmed that the apatite nucleation is induced by silanol (Si–OH) groups formed on the surfaces of materials and/or silicate ions adsorbed on them.It was previously shown that apatite nuclei are formed on organic polymers when the polymers are placed on CaO, SiO2-based glass particles soaked in a simulated body fluid (SBF) with ion concentrations nearly equal to those of human blood plasma, and that they grow spontaneously to form a dense and uniform apatite layer together with high adhesive strength to the substrates when the polymers are soaked in another solution with ion concentrations 1.5 times the SBF. In the present study, silanol groups bonded covalently to the surface of the silicone substrate were formed and its apatite-forming ability was examined. When silicone substrates were treated with 5 or 10 M NaOH with pH 7.25 at 36.5°C for more than 3 h, silanol groups were formed on the surfaces of the substrates. When thus NaOH-treated substrates were soaked in 1.5SBF at 36.5°C, a bone-like apatite was formed on the substrates in a short period. © 1998 Chapman & Hall.     

Structure Modification of Alloy Solidified With Electromagnetic Field

A S45C carbon steel has been solidified under different electromagnetic conditions to investigate the effect of the electromagnetic force imposition and its imposing period on the solidified structure in this study.For excitation of the electromagnetic force,a static magnetic field and a direct electric current were simultaneously imposed on a sample under a certain period of the solidification.After the solidification,the microstructures were observed and compared each other.As the results,microstructure of the S45C steel under the simultaneous imposition of a static magnetic field of 1T and a direct electric current of 20A in the latter stage of its solidification was dendritic while it was globular if the electromagnetic force was imposed during the whole solidification period.     

Effects of alternating current imposition and alkaline earth elements on modification of primary Mg2Si crystals in hypereutectic Mg-Si alloy

The effects of alternating current imposition and/or alkaline earth elements on modification of the primary Mg₂Si crystals in the hypereutectic Mg-Si alloy were investigated. An alternating current of 60 A with frequency of 1 kHz was applied into the hypereutectic Mg-Si melt which was alloyed with alkaline earth elements or not in the fixed temperature range from 700 to 630 °C. The results show that the primary Mg₂Si crystals could be refined by imposing alternating current or adding alkaline elements. Compared with the samples treated by adding 0.4% Ca or 0.4% Sr, higher modification efficiency could be obtained for the samples treated by imposing alternating current. No further modification efficiency could be obtained for the samples treated by imposing alternating current combined with 0.4% Ca or 0.4% Sr addition.