从管道检测的角度,分析涂层失效的原因

本文首先阐明涂层对管道保护的重要作用，综述了目前长输管道涂层现状及常用涂层材料的特点，通过近几年来对数千公里管道的不同类型涂层检测、评价，总结出涂层失效的主要形式，从管道周围介质的腐蚀性、环境及涂层施工等方面，分析了外界条件与涂层失效的关系，以及导致涂层失效的主要原因。目前长输管道涂层失效的形式主要有：涂层的剥离、龟裂、破损及变形等。     

DESIGN OF TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED QUARTZ CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE SYSTEM

In this study, the dual modulated quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) with heating and cooling control has been developed for the quantitative determination of biological molecules, as a biosensor. On the other hand, since, the Sauerbrey formula is misprinted in some publications, the correct form of formula is also discussed. The proposed QCM biosensor has three main parts, which are the oscillator circuit, temperature control circuit, and the differential frequency measurement unit. Colpitts oscillators with the buffer amplifier, microcontroller (PIC16F877) for the temperature control circuit and a peltier element were used for heating and cooling inside the developed system. Differential frequency measurement is a known technique to compensate environmental effects causing instability of crystals. For this reason, one of the crystals is implemented with oscillatory circuits, i.e., the detector; the other one is used as the reference. The designed system was tested between 8°C and 50°C and frequency shift versus temperature is observed at 0.5 ppm/°C over a given temperature range.     

Experimental Investigation of the Properties of Lime-Based Plaster-Containing PCM for Enhancing the Heat-Storage Capacity of Building Envelopes

Experimental analysis of a wide range of properties of a lightweight plaster which should enhance the heat-storage capacity of building envelopes is presented. The basic physical characteristics, namely, the bulk density, matrix density, total open porosity, and pore-size distribution are measured at first. Then, the compressive strength is determined for an assessment of mechanical performance of the plaster. The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity are studied using an impulse technique. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements are performed as well, in order to identify the temperature range and latent heat of the phase change and to determine the specific heat capacity as a function of temperature. Durability properties are assessed using the measurement of the water absorption coefficient and sorption and desorption isotherms. The experimental results indicate a good capability of the designed plaster to moderate effectively the interior climate of buildings.     

肯234井钻井液工艺技术

西哈萨克斯坦滨里海盆地东缘肯基亚克构造带的肯基亚克油田，因地质情况极为复杂，喷、漏、塌、卡等复杂事故频繁发生，钻井的成功率极低。完全采用中国钻井液工艺技术的肯234井，针对地层特点，选用两性离子聚合物(磺化)钻井液体系及配套技术，克服了大尺寸井眼大段泥岩的造浆、井壁稳定、高密度盐水钻井液的流变性控制、漏喷同层的压力控制等复杂问题，使该井在施工期间，井壁穗定、起下钻井眼畅通，全井事故、复杂时效均为零。通过该井的施工，初步建立了肯基亚克油田的钻井液技术方案，并对实践中出现的问题，提出了改进意见。     

Structural features of a polypeptide carrier promoting secretion of a β-lactamase fusion protein in yeast

Escherichia coli β-lactamase was secreted into the culture medium of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in biologically active form, when fused to the C-terminus of the hsp150δ-carrier. The hsp150δ-carrier is an N-terminal fragment of the yeast hsp150 protein, having a signal peptide and consisting mostly of a 19 amino acid peptide repeated 11 times in tandem. Here we expressed the hsp150δ-carrier fragment alone in S. cerevisiae. Apparently due to a positional effect of the gene insertion, large amounts of the hsp150δ-carrier were synthesized. About half of the de novo synthesized carrier molecules were secreted into the culture medium, the rest remaining mostly in the pre-Golgi compartment. The extensively O-glycosylated carrier fragment was purified from the culture medium under non-denaturing conditions. Circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that it had no regular secondary structure. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that a non-glycosylated synthetic peptide, the consensus sequence of the repetitive 19 amino acid peptide, also lacked secondary structure. The unstructured carrier polypeptide may facilitate proper folding and secretion of heterologous proteins attached to it.     

Digitally gain controlled linear high voltage amplifier for laboratory applications

The design of a digitally gain controlled high-voltage non-inverting bipolar linear amplifier is presented. This cost efficient and relatively simple circuit has stable operation range from dc to 90 kHz under the load of 10 kΩ and 39 pF. The amplifier can swing up to 360 V(pp) under these conditions and it has 2.5 μs rise time. The gain can be changed by the aid of JFETs. The amplifiers have been realized using a combination of operational amplifiers and high-voltage discrete bipolar junction transistors. The circuit details and performance characteristics are discussed.     

Radiation impedance of collapsed capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers

The radiation impedance of a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) array is a critical parameter to achieve high performance. In this paper, we present a calculation of the radiation impedance of collapsed, clamped, circular CMUTs both analytically and using finite element method (FEM) simulations. First, we model the radiation impedance of a single collapsed CMUT cell analytically by expressing its velocity profile as a linear combination of special functions for which the generated pressures are known. For an array of collapsed CMUT cells, the mutual impedance between the cells is also taken into account. The radiation impedances for arrays of 7, 19, 37, and 61 circular collapsed CMUT cells for different contact radii are calculated both analytically and by FEM simulations. The radiation resistance of an array reaches a plateau and maintains this level for a wide frequency range. The variation of radiation reactance with respect to frequency indicates an inductance-like behavior in the same frequency range. We find that the peak radiation resistance value is reached at higher kd values in the collapsed case as compared with the uncollapsed case, where k is the wavenumber and d is the center-to-center distance between two neighboring CMUT cells.     

Design and construction of uniform glow discharge plasma system operating under atmospheric condition

The design of a uniform glow discharge plasma system operating without vacuum is presented. A full-bridge switching circuit was used to switch the transformers. The primary windings of transformers were connected in parallel, but in opposite phase to double the output voltage. Theoretically, 20 000 V(pp) was obtained. Rectangle copper electrodes were used, and placed parallel to each other. To prevent the spark production that is, to obtain uniformity, two 2 mm Teflon sheets were glued to the electrodes. However, it was observed that the operating frequency also affected the uniformity. For the system presented here, the frequency at which more uniformity was obtained was found to be 14 kHz.     

塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气藏石油地质条件

塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气藏的发现。充分展示了在塔里木盆地寻找特大型油气藏的广阔前景。通过对该区钻井，地质及化验分析和测试等资料综合研究后指出，三面逢源，油气供给充沛；孔，洞，缝是良好的储集网络空间；盖层叠合，层层封盖遮挡条件好；良好圈闭；断裂与储集层是油气运移通道；后期改造破坏较小，保存条件良好等等是形成塔河油田的基本石油地质条件。     

长周期运行安全阀校验的解决办法

针对<压力容器安全技术监察规程>规定安全阀校验周期与企业需要长周期生产之间的矛盾,提出一种安全阀校验方法,解决法规与企业生产之间的矛盾.并提出安全阀校验周期的问题.