研究开发适应于国际标准的SPM针尖特性表征结构

标准化是当前扫描探针显微镜领域(SPM)的一项重要工作.国际标准化组织ISO自2004年起已经将SPM标准化列入其工作框架之内,并建立了相关的分委员会、技术委员会和工作小组.本文介绍了国际上当前有关SPM标准化方面努力和主要趋势:SPM术语的标准化被认为是SPM标准化工作范围内首先需要考虑的问题,其相关标准即将发表;SPM数据管理及处理的标准化则是另一项正在进行的有利于数据访问、处理和共享的重要工作.可溯源计量型原子力显微镜(AFM)的发展解决了纳米尺度的度量问题,能够通过对标准物质进行定量分析与定标实现量值的传递.当前发展能够被计量型AFM鉴定的参考物质以及标准化仪器校正过程是实现SPM标准化之前的当务之急.为了促进SPM领域ISO标准的实现,一种新的针尖特性表征结构(tip characterizer)已经被开发出来.这种tip characterizer由超晶格组装技术实现,能够描述针尖的形状并且同时进行侧向尺度的校正.本文探讨了这种新型tip characterizer的性能.这种tip characterizer不易损坏针尖,具有很好的重复性,并能帮助实验观察分析针尖形状和结构几何特性之间的关系.     

Contribution of Tropomyosin to Fish Muscle Gel Characteristics

To determine the contribution of tropomyosin to fish muscle gel characteristics, the gel properties of the tropomyosin-desensitized actomyosin system and of the tropomyosin-myosin system were investigated. For both systems, the indices of gel properties decreased considerably on increasing the tropomyosin content. Even when the two-step heating was carried out, the indices of gel properties decreased considerably on increasing the tropomyosin content. Tropomyosin negatively affected the gel formation of fish muscle and reduced the gel strength and elasticity of the fish muscle gels.     

Novel Measurement of Hypoxanthine in Fish Using Direct Measurement Probe and Chemiluminescence Flow Injection Analysis

Direct measurements of hypoxanthine (Hx) in fish flesh were carried out using a sardine and a grunt twice with the same fish, and the average of 10 successive measurements (from 120 sec to 480 sec after pressing the probe against fish tissue) was taken as the Hx concentration by direct measurement. Results with two nearby tissues of one sample were 42.9 ± 4.9 μM and 42.6 ± 2.6 μM for the sardine, and 639 ± 33 μM and 598 ± 29 μM for the grunt. For sardine, Hx results from this direct method did not agree well with perchloric acid extraction measurements, but they were much better for grunt.     

A DUST PROOF MALODOROUS GAS TREATMENT REACTOR ANALYSIS

Through a series of experiments, an industrial kinetic model of oxidation reaction in ring catalyst beds has been developed, and a rational calculation procedure for specifying the reactor volume and geometry was derived.     

ICRF Experiments and GAMMA 10 Potential Formation on the Tandem Mirror

Target plasmas, on which the formation of the electrostatic potentials and the improvement of the confinement are studied, are produced with ICRF in the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror. The ion temperature of more than 10 keV has been achieved in relatively low density plasmas. When the strong ICRF heating is applied, it is observed that the high frequency and the low frequency fluctuations are excited and suppress the increase of the plasma parameters. Recently, a new high power gyrotron system has been constructed and the ECRH power in plug extends up to 370 kW. The improvement of the confinement due to the formation of the potential in the axial direction and the strong radial electric field shear has been observed.     

地铁站内烟气流动特性和消防安全

介绍了地铁站内烟气流动和控制的试验和数值研究。在三个真正地铁站内利用甲醇油池火作为燃料进行了试验，用所获得数据来验证地铁站火灾数值模型，并进一步检验其烟控系统的性能。在站内使用了制量烟气流动模型，再现了最简单条件下每个站点的试验结果，然后把结果跟其他试验条件下的试验结果进行了比较。最后，用模型预测更复杂火灾的烟气流动情况。另外，还讨论了地铁系统的有效设计和火灾安全设施的正常运作情况。通过限制内饰面材料的燃烧性能或者安装自动喷淋系统都可以有效控制热释放速率，且在站点两端开设逃生路线、站台和地铁隧道直接卷帘的正常启动等可有效保证安全疏散。     

A SPECIFIC QUALITATIVE DETECTION METHOD FOR PEANUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA) IN FOODS USING POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

A qualitative method for detection of peanuts in foods using polymerase chain reaction was developed. A universal primer pair CP 03‐5′/CP 03‐3′ was designed to confirm the validity of the DNAs for PCR. The plant‐specific amplified fragments were detected from 13 kinds of plants using the universal primer pair. In addition, for the specific detection of peanuts with high sensitivity, the primer pair agg 04‐5′/agg 05‐3′ was designed to detect the gene encoding the peanut agglutinin precursor. The primer pair specifically generates a 95‐bp amplified fragment from peanut genomic DNA. Five hundred femto grams of peanut genomic DNA can be detected using the established method. The same qualitative results were obtained from both model processed and nonprocessed food samples containing 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1% of peanut. Moreover, it was shown that the trace amount of peanut in the commercial food products could be qualitatively detected using this method. The reproducibility and applicability of the proposed methods were verified in a six‐laboratory collaborative study.     

Development of –1 MV DC Filter and High‐Voltage DC Measurement Systems for ITER NBI

This paper presents the development results of a ?1 MV dc filter and dc measurement systems for an ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) neutral beam injector (NBI) system. High accuracy of 0.5% and fast responsivity of 3.3 μs, ?3 dB are required for the dc measurement systems: both dc voltage dividers and DCCTs. Circuit design and thermal flow design were carried out to clarify and minimize their effects on the accuracy and responsivity. The validity of the established design was demonstrated by the actual‐product tests; temperature rise of each components fell below the allowable value; inner components of dc filter withstood dc ?1.2 MV; each voltage divider accurately measured the voltage during the dc ?1.2 MV withstand voltage test; the voltage dividers and the DCCTs were adequate to the requirements of responsivity (3.3 μs, ?3 dB).     

Enlargement of Claw Pole Motor Using SMC Cores Divided in the Circumferential Direction

Clawtooth motors have the feature that they can be made thin in the axial direction. This makes them suitable for appliances, automobile accessories, and small‐sized industrial motors. On the other hand, there is a need for thinner HEV and elevator motors and large‐sized industrial motors. In this study, we examined ways of increasing the output of clawtooth motors. We arrived at the following conclusions. (1) The optimal stator structure was determined and the prospects of attaining the target specification of 123 N‐m were determined. (2) Three important manufacturing tasks, assurance of core assembly accuracy, thin coil manufacture, and rotator insertion, were identified. (3) Experimental results and the results of analysis were in agreement with respect to the EMF. (4) The experimental cogging torque results and finite element analysis (FEA) results were in agreement with the FEA results at sixth order but not at second and fourth order. (5) Although the core needed to be divided in the circumferential direction in order to increase its size, it was clear that the influence on the torque was small. (6) Use of a divided core is a good solution for enlargement of clawtooth motors.     

Contribution of Paramyosin to Marine Meat Gel Characteristics

The properties of the paramyosin-natural actomyosin system gels were considerably improved by paramyosin, and a strong and firm gel was formed. This effect of paramyosin on gel properties was large at relatively low paramyosin contents. Paramyosin considerably altered the characteristic texture of the marine meat gel products made from invertebrate meats. Two-step heating, including the low temperature setting, was effective in increasing the gel strength for the paramyosinnatural actomyosin system gels. The strengthening effect of setting on the gel strength became larger on increasing the paramyosin content.