以MOFs为模板制备TMO/C复合材料 在锂离子电池中的应用

商用负极材料石墨理论比容量较低,无法满足市场的需求,发展具有更高比容量的负极材料来替代石墨至关重要.介绍了过渡金属氧化物(TMO)和金属-有机框架(MOFs)的特点及锂离子电池负极材料性能改进的方法,综述了以MOFs为前驱体制备TMO/C复合材料作为锂离子电池负极的优点及研究进展,并对此类负极材料的发展趋势进行了总结与展望.     

Self-excited vibration problems of maglev vehicle-bridge interaction system

The self-excited vibration problems of maglev vehicle-bridge interaction system were addressed, which greatly degrades the stability of the levitation control, decreases the ride comfort, and restricts the cost of the whole system. Firstly, the coupled model containing the quintessential parts was built, and the mechanism of self-excited vibration was explained in terms of energy transmission from levitation system to bridge. Then, the influences of the parameters of the widely used integral-type proportion and derivation（PD） controller and the delay of signals on the stability of the interaction system were analyzed. The result shows that the integral-type PD control is a nonoptimal approach to solve the self-excited vibration completely. Furthermore, the differential-type PD controller can guarantee the passivity of levitation system at full band. However, the differentiation of levitation gap should be filtered by a low-pass filter due to noise of gap differentiation. The analysis indicates that a well tuned low-pass filter can still keep the coupled system stable.     

轮胎在侧向力、纵向力联合工况下的神经网络模型

建立了轮胎在侧向力、纵向力联合工况下的神经网络模型，分析了不同训练方法对模型精度的影响。通过对轮胎实测值与神经网络预测值的对比表明，轮胎神经网络模型的精度能满足工程要求，BP前馈神经网络可有效地应用于车辆轮胎特性的数学建模。     

A practical robust nonlinear controller for maglev levitation system

In order to explore the precise dynamic response of the maglev train and verify the validity of proposed controller, a maglev guideway-electromagnet-air spring-cabin coupled model is developed in the first step. Based on the coupled model, the stresses of the modules are analyzed, and it is pointed out that the inherent nonlinearity, the inner coupling, misalignments between the sensors and actuators, and external disturbances are the main issues that should be considered for the maglev engineering. Furthermore, a feedback linearization controller based on the mathematical model of a maglev module is derived, in which the nonlinearity, coupling and misalignments are taken into account. Then, to attenuate the effect of external disturbances, a disturbance observer is proposed and the dynamics of the estimation error is analyzed using the input-to-state stability theory. It shows that the error is negligible under a low-frequency disturbance. However, at the high-frequency range, the error is unacceptable and the disturbances can not be compensated in time, which lead to over designed fluctuations of levitation gap, even a clash between the upper surface of electromagnet and lower surface of guideway. To solve this problem, a novel nonlinear acceleration feedback is put forward to enhancing the attenuation ability of fast varying disturbances. Finally, numerical comparisons show that the proposed controller outperforms the traditional feedback linearization controller and maintains good robustness under disturbances.     

砷碱渣综合利用工艺及机理研究（英文）

砷碱渣是锑冶炼行业产生的固体废渣,对环境和人体健康构成严重威胁。目前,常见的砷碱渣湿法处理工艺不仅有价元素回收率低、砷碱分离不完全,还会产生砷碱混合盐,无法实现砷碱渣完全无害化处理。为解决这些问题,本文采用氧化水浸处理砷碱渣,实现了砷和锑的分离,砷、锑的浸出率分别为91.79%和0.62%,浸出渣可返回锑冶炼系统回收锑。通过碳热还原直接从砷碱混合盐(砷碱液蒸发结晶产物)中分离砷和碱,98.3%的砷可被脱除并制备成具有商业价值的无毒高纯金属砷,纯度达到99.9%;碱可从还原后渣中实现回收,良好地实现了砷碱混合盐的无害化和资源化处理。通过热力学、物相和砷价态分析研究了砷还原路径及挥发机理。     

吡咯烷-2-酮化合物的合成

以常见的苯乙酮为起始原料，通过盐酸羟胺的加成形成肟，部分肟在钯碳/氢气的条件下直接还原以较好产率得到相应伯胺；另一部分难以直接还原的肟，通过二苯基氯化膦的修饰，随后用硼氢化钠还原、氯化氢脱保护可得到一系列相应的伯胺。最后伯胺在碱性条件下与4-氯丁酰氯进行环化反应，以良好产率得到广泛用于生物活性物质的N-(1′-芳基烷基)-2-吡咯烷酮化合物。目标产物结构通过¹HNMR、¹³CNMR、HRMS-ESI等方式表征。     

荷电式极板浸渍液中铁的测定分析

荷电式极板硼酸浸渍液由于受盛装容器材料腐蚀、加热材料腐蚀、及极板中残余硫酸渗出的影响,浸渍液中必然含有铁离子,而铁离子又会通过浸渍液扩散到极板中去,是引起电池自放电的罪魁祸首,对浸渍液中铁离子的定量测定,就显得尤为重要。作者经多年摸索总结,采用EDTA络合滴定,根据颜色变化,测定铁含量,显出了既快捷又准确的极大优越性。     

基于谱图小波阈值的机床主轴振动数字信号降噪研究

通过数控机床运行过程中数据特征采集获得的实际信号存在噪声成分,无法根据信号特征判断机床实际运行状况。为了提高对特征参数提取对信号实施降噪能力,根据谱图小波转换理论与实际应用过程,构建了一种对一维数字信号分析的谱图小波阈值降噪（spectral wavelet threshold denoising, SWTD）算法,再通过仿真信号与机床主轴振动信号降噪方式验证了谱图小波阈值降噪可靠性。研究结果表明：机床主轴振动信号包含的有用频率基本都处于400 Hz范围内的低频区。完成降噪后,SWTD降噪信号形成了稳定幅值,已经接近初始信号,包络谱内超过400 Hz的高频段已被消除,形成了由主轴自转频率与滚切频率构成的主体成分,观察到明显主轴自转频率特征,表明该方法相对小波阈值降噪结果具备更优性能。     

铸造铝合金绿色清洁集约化生产的探索

稀土合金具有变质、晶粒细化和净化铝合金的综合功能,而且对周围环境不产生任何污染。充分发挥稀土合金的特殊功能,形成一种绿色的复合变质细化和净化为一体的铸造铝合金熔体处理工艺,从源头上解决铸造铝合金熔体处理过程中的环保问题,为铸造铝合金绿色清洁集约化生产提供了一条可行之路。