SELF-DIFFUSION IN IRON-50% COBALT ALLOY

用剩余强度法测定了Fe~(55)及Co~(60)在铁-钴(50％)合金中850--980℃α-区域内的自扩散系数,结果分别为 D_(Fe)=0.26 exp(—55,600/RT)厘米~2/秒, D_(Co)=14 exp(—65,000/RT)厘米~2/秒。 激活能测定数值与用准化学理论分析结果符合较好。     

河口海岸生态环境研究现状 及发展趋势

在广泛查阅国内外关于河口海岸生态问题研究相关文献基础上,综述了河口海岸侵蚀治理研究、河口地区水质研究和河口湿地的恢复与重建等三个热点方向的研究现状。进而,根据研究现状和我国河口海岸研究的实际需求,对海岸侵蚀,河口水质恢复和湿地保护等有关河口生态环境的研究方向进行了展望。     

Analysis of operating policies for manufacturing cells

We present an analytical model for error-recovery problems of unitary production cells and develop a framework for economic justification. Each production cell has its own machine and functional characteristics (e.g. precision, speed, operating cost). Each alternative operating policy of error-recovery for a production cell leads to a different system throughput, scrap rate, and required quantities of parts. However, error recovery cannot be accomplished without in-process inspections. Thus, the central problem discussed in this paper is to maximize profits or throughput rate by selecting an appropriate production cell along with an optimal set of inspection and error recovery policies.     

单矿物黏土对聚羧酸减水剂分散性的影响与机理

研究了4种单矿物黏土(钠基蒙脱土、钙基蒙脱土、伊利土、高岭土)对掺聚羧酸减水剂水泥净浆流动度的影响,测定了单矿物黏土的水-黏土质量比及其对聚羧酸减水剂的吸附量,以及在此基础上单独补偿水或减水剂后单矿物黏土对聚羧酸减水剂分散性能的影响.结果表明:补偿水或聚羧酸减水剂之后,基本可消除伊利土、高岭土对水泥净浆流动度的影响,但蒙脱土的影响仍显著存在;对吸附了聚羧酸减水剂的单矿物黏土进行的红外光谱、X射线衍射分析表明,蒙脱土对聚羧酸减水剂的层间吸附是导致其对聚羧酸减水剂吸附量和聚羧酸减水剂分散性的影响比其他单矿物黏土大的主要原因.     

Experimental Investigation of Capacity Control Scheme on System Performance for a Machine Tool Cooler

Highly accurate manufacture in machining industry can only be obtained with precise temperature control of the coolant (oil or water).Machine tool with more accurate,stable and advanced the precision of the working component cannot be developed without appropriate cooling.However,the machine tool coolers are facing the control hunting of cooling temperature and the dramatic variation of heat load in high-accuracy machining.The main objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of the hot-gas by-pass scheme and suction regulation for capacity control of a machine tool cooler system.In this study,experimental investigation on both hot-gas by-pass scheme and suction valve regulation for capacity control has been proposed.Effects of using capillary tube and thermostatic expansion valve along with different capacity control scheme have been investigated extensively in an environmental testing room.Cooling performance and power consumption of the cooler system have been measured and analyzed as well by comparing with different opening percentage of throttling valve under specific coolant temperature.The experimental results reveal that the power consumption will reduce slightly by capacity control using the hot-gas by-pass scheme but the coefficient of performance (COP) of the overall system will decrease.Lower coolant temperature will result in higher compressor power consumption as well.While conducting suction valve regulating for capacity control,energy-saving at 10%-12% can be obtained by using thermostatic expansion valve under different evaporator load.It also reveals that suction valve regulation along with adequate choice of thermostatic expansion valve can provide alternative choice for steady capacity control and substantial energy-saving.The proposed cooler systems with different capacity control schemes are not only more cost-effective than inverter driven system,but also can perform energy-saving and precise temperature control specific for high-accuracy machine tool cooling.     

高强度钢管道环焊缝隐患治理措施研究

针对国内管道建设过程中存在的很多问题,如建设过程中施工单位违规返修、检测单位对射线底片的漏评错评、监理单位监管缺失等,尤其是近年来突出的高强度钢管道环焊缝不能承受较大的外部载荷的问题,分析了高强度钢管道环焊缝与传统X65及以下钢级管道环焊缝失效特征的差异性,剖析了当前在役高强度钢管道焊接结构存在的问题,从系统工程的角度分析了高强钢管道焊接结构中焊缝与钢管管体抗拉强度匹配、变壁厚焊接结构应力集中、焊缝冲击韧性分散等方面存在的问题,并结合人力资源、配套资源和应用技术等因素提出了高强钢管道环焊缝隐患治理的建议,建立了高强度钢管道环焊缝关键风险控制的鱼骨图。     

Generalized Artificial Life Structure for Time-dependent Problems

In recent years, more attention has been paid on artificial life researches. Artificial life(AL) is a research on regulating gene parameters of digital organisms under complicated problematic environments through natural selections and evolutions to achieve the final emergence of intelligence. Most recent studies focused on solving certain real problems by artificial life methods, yet without much address on the AL life basic mechanism. The real problems are often very complicated, and the proposed methods sometimes seem too simple to handle those problems. This study proposed a new approach in AL research, named "generalized artificial life structure(GALS)", in which the traditional "gene bits" in genetic algorithms is first replaced by "gene parameters", which could appear anywhere in GALS. A modeling procedure is taken to normalize the input data, and AL "tissue" is innovated to make AL more complex. GALS is anticipated to contribute significantly to the fitness of AL evolution. The formation of"tissue" begins with some different AL basic cells, and then tissue is produced by the casual selections of one or several of these cells. As a result, the gene parameters, represented by "tissues", could become highly diversified. This diversification should have obvious effects on improving gene fitness. This study took the innovative method of GALS in a stock forecasting problem under a carefully designed manipulating platform. And the researching results verify that the GALS is successful in improving the gene evolution fitness.     

回转窑内气体和物料温度分布的研究

为进一步探索回转窑的优化设计及经济运行情况,在已有的回转窑传热研究的基础上,将其内部的传质过程与对流、辐射、传导3种热交换方式相结合,建立了计算回转窑温度分布的综合数学模型,预测了窑内烟气、物料及窑内壁的温度分布,并对某厂回转窑进行数值计算.结果表明:在距窑头约14m处,气体温度达到最高值,约为1760℃,物料温度约为1465℃,随后气体和物料温度沿窑长逐渐下降,到达窑尾处时分别降至约1028℃和856℃.计算结果与实际运行结果吻合较好,说明该模拟方法具有一定适用性.     

A SEQUENTIAL QUADRATIC PROGRAMMING ALGORITHM UTILIZING QR MATRIX FACTORIZATION

Some recent studies indicate that the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) approach has a sound theoretical basis and promising empirical results for solving general constrained optimization problems. This paper presents a variant of the SQP method which utilizes QR matrix factorization to solve the quadratic programming subproblem which result from taking a quadratic approximation of the original problem. Theoretically, the QR factorization method is more robust and computationally efficient in solving quadratic programs. To demonstrate the validity of this variant, a computer program named SQR is coded in Fortran to solve twenty-eight test problems. By comparing with three other algorithms: one multiplier method, one GRG-type method, and another SQP-type method, the numerical results show that, in general, SQR as devised in this paper is the best method as far as robustness and speed of convergence are concerned in solving general constrained optimization problems.     

卡车转向轻便性仿真分析与评价技术

讨论了操纵装置力学特性的人机工程学要求。针对卡车转向沉重问题,应用ADAMS/Car建立了卡车整车多体动力学模型,并进行了转向轻便性仿真试验。仿真分析结果表明,卡车转向盘力输入特性满足人机工程学设计要求,具备较好的转向轻便性。