基于IGS跟踪站的大面积矿区GNSS变形监测(英文)

为了精确地对大面积矿区进行沉降监测,以周围IGS跟踪站为参考点,建立高精度卫星导航系统(GNSS)变形监测网。鉴于IGS跟踪站的非线性运动,结合速度场信息及周解坐标,给出抗差卡尔曼滤波模型(RKF),并用于确定IGS跟踪站不同历元对应的坐标基准。通过皖北矿区沉降监测实例对该方法进行验证。结果表明:RKF模型确定的坐标基准优于预测模型及IGS分析中心提供的周解坐标;当观测时间大于4 h时,对应的监测精度可以达到毫米级。该方法可以高效、准确地监测大面积矿区沉降。     

Research into a Feature Selection Method for Hyperspectral Imagery Using PSO and SVM

Classification and recognition of hyperspectral remote sensing images is not the same as that of conventional multi-spectral remote sensing images.We propose, a novel feature selection and classification method for hyperspectral images by combining the global optimization ability of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and the superior classification performance of a support vector machine (SVM).Global optimal search performance of PSO is improved by using a chaotic optimization search technique.Granularity based grid search strategy is used to optimize the SVM model parameters.Parameter optimization and classification of the SVM are addressed using the training date corresponding to the feature subset.A false classification rate is adopted as a fitness function.Tests of feature selection and classification are carried out on a hyperspectral data set.Classification performances are also compared among different feature extraction methods commonly used today.Results indicate that this hybrid method has a higher classification accuracy and can effectively extract optimal bands.A feasible approach is provided for feature selection and classification of hyperspectral image data.     

Non-Metric CCD Camera Calibration Algorithm in a Digital Photogrammetry System

Camera calibration is a critical process in photogrammetry and a necessary step to acquire 3D information from a 2D image. In this paper, a flexible approach for CCD camera calibration using 2D direct linear transformation （DLT） and bundle adjustment is proposed. The proposed approach assumes that the camera interior orientation elements are known, and addresses a new closed form solution in planar object space based on homogenous coordinate representation and matrix factorization. Homogeneous coordinate representation offers a direct matrix correspondence between the parameters of the 2D DLT and the collinearity equation. The matrix factorization starts by recovering the elements of the rotation matrix and then solving for the camera position with the collinearity equation. Camera calibration with high precision is addressed by bundle adjustment using the initial values of the camera orientation elements. The results show that the calibration precision of principal point and focal length is about 0.2 and 0.3 pixels respectivelv, which can meet the requirements of close-range photogrammetry with high accuracy.     

基于非量测CCD相机和SVM的模型视觉检测

针对传统模型观测方法中存在的观测装置或传感器安装麻烦、工作量大、采样点有限等缺点。提出利用数字近景摄影测量技术量测模型变形。用高分辨率数码相机获取模型不同模拟开挖状态下的多组数字影像,采用改进的粒子群支持向量机方法自动检测和识别标志点,通过边缘跟踪和椭圆拟合算法确定标志点中心影像坐标。提出并推导了利用二维直接线性变换关系式和共线方程分解出影像外方位元素初值的实用算法,最后利用自检校光束法平差对标志点空间坐标进行精确定位。试验结果表明,空间坐标的测定精度高于±1 mm,所测位移场与实际变形情况比较一致,可以满足矿山岩层和地表移动相似材料模型观测要求。     

点位误差位置相关性分析及验证

根据欧几里得平面的点位误差Helmert表示法及相应的方差-协方差传播定律,推导了点位误差及点间相对误差的计算公式.论证了点位误差的位置相关性及点间相对误差的位置无关性,并分析了任意形状支导线的点位精度随着误差传播具有不变性的条件.采用Monte Carlo方法在数值上验证了点位误差与位置的相关性,实例计算表明:Monte Carlo方法与解析法计算的点位误差在数值上是一致的,最大互差小于0.3mm.点位误差位置相关性不仅体现了点位误差传播的本质,而且为井下导线网质量控制及精密工程测量提供理论依据.     

对知识经济时代矿山测量发展的几点认识

人类即将进入知识经济时代,在知识经济时代,知识的扩散与应用将成为经济增长的动力,创新是知识经济的灵魂。矿山测量是知识经济时代与挑战并存,必须以服务于矿区可持续发展为目标、充分利用现代高新技术、形在特色的创新体系、培养高质量的专门人才,加快学科的发展,促进高新技术应用、以适应知识经济时代的要求。     

大渡河泸定水电站截流设计与施工

针对大渡河泸定水电站的水文条件及地质、地形条件,结合技施阶段截流水流模型试验成果,对泸定水电站进行截流施工设计,指导截流施工,并将实际截流施工过程及水力学监测成果与设计成果比较,总结了截流设计施工经验。     

光纤陀螺随机漂移辨识方法研究

陀螺随机漂移是影响惯性导航和组合导航精度的重要因素.为了有效辨识出光纤陀螺随机漂移噪声的参数,采用了自相关函数、功率谱密度和Allan方差对实测陀螺数据进行分析.实验结果表明:自相关函数、功率谱密度和Allan方差都能有效辨识出陀螺输出信号中的角度随机游走噪声,只有Allan方差能辨识出其中的角速率随机游走噪声.功率谱...     

GPS准动态测量在地表移动观测站中的应用

地表移动观测站是获得煤矿开采沉陷参数的重要依据。为了提高生产效率和减少观测中的劳动强度，在试验的基础上提出用GPS准动态测量方法取代传统的地表移动观测站观测方法，取得了一定的成效。     

自由式单孔多锚头防腐型预应力锚索施工工艺试验

自由式单孔多锚头防腐型预应力锚索作为一种新型的预应力锚索,具有改善锚固段应力集中、有效防腐、有效减小孔径、全孔一次注浆、可进行二次补偿张拉等特点,增强了对复杂地层的适应性,增强了锚固效果,已在多个工程中成功应用.本次工艺试验为高陡边坡加固处理积累了宝贵的经验.