自蔓延高温合成TiNi多孔体合金

为了开发新型的生体材料，本文对自蔓延高温合成TiNi多孔体合金——人造骨材料进行了研究。以单质钛粉和镍粉作原料，在氩气保护条件下，采用预热点燃模式和热爆模式制得了不同形态的多孔TiNi形状记忆合金。采用SEM和XRD分析了样品的孔洞特征和相组成，测试了其力学性能，并研究了合成条件参数与样品表面形貌和孔隙状态之间的关系。结果表明，用SHS法制备TiNi多孔体合金是可行的。     

钨酸铵溶液浓度对超微钨粉形貌的影响

以钨酸铵溶液为原料，采用超声喷雾干燥法制备了超微钨粉。研究了该方法中钨酸铵浓度对超微钨粉形貌的影响。结果表明，当溶液中钨酸铵的浓度为10%时，得到了球形度很好的非完全结晶的前驱体。当钨酸铵浓度达25％时，得到了层片状的晶态前驱体。钨酸铵溶液浓度对干燥时晶体生长速度具有重要的影响。分别采用这2种前驱体在630℃，保温30min和氢气流莆4L／min条仲下能够完全还原，得到超微α—W粉。所制得的钨粉形貌完全遗传了其前驱体的形貌，分别得到球状和层状钨粉。球状钨粉由纳米颗粒聚集而成。片层状钨粉的厚度在1mm以下。     

离心成型法制备Al2O3/Ni功能梯度材料及性能表征

用离心成型法制备了Al2O3/Ni功能梯度材料,并研究了料浆调制工艺、制备参数和梯度材料的力学性能.结果表明,良好的料浆的最佳流动性配比为粘结剂(聚乙二醇)含量为2 mass%、固相含量为63 vol.%、球磨时间为36 h.经离心成型-真空烧结(1400℃,2 h)可获得致密、组元宏观连续过渡的Al2O3/Ni梯度材料.该复合材料孔隙率低,力学性能好,抗弯强度可达321 MPa.     

Cu-Fe-Cr原位复合材料中的纤维相

通过感应熔炼、铸造、锻造和冷拔变形制备了Cu-16Fe-2Cr(质量分数,％)原位复合材料,最终线材(其轧制后的冷拔变形量达到η=ln(A_0/A)=5.42,A_0和A分别为冷拔起始和冷拔后线材的横截面面积)的抗拉强度为980 MPa。将Cu基体选择腐蚀后提取出纤维,采用SEM和TEM观察分析纤维相组织形态。在较低的应变量时,一些Fe—Cr纤维保持着与铸态树枝晶相同的bcc单晶结构,选区电子衍射表明纤维已经形成了〈110〉织构。在较高的应变量时,单根Fe-Cr纤维分为一些由晶界隔开的平行亚单元(宽度约为100 nm),通过亚单元共同的[110]衍射获得了晶粒之间的相对取向关系,相邻晶粒的偏差角在11°—82°之间。根据Hall-Petch关系讨论了原位复合材料的强度问题。     

SHS-离心熔覆W-C-Fe金属陶瓷涂层的组织与耐磨性研究

以Fe2O3,WO3,Al,C为反应原料,采用SHS-离心法制备W-C-Fe内衬复合钢管。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析了涂层的组织,用显微硬度仪测量内衬层硬度,并通过磨粒磨损试验测量了该涂层的耐磨性。结果表明,涂层组织包括主相Fe3W3C及少量的WC,W2C,Fe3C,Fe。涂层组织呈梯度分布,靠近基体处晶粒细小,远离基体处晶粒呈粗大树枝状。涂层硬度为13.5±1.6GPa。涂层的主要磨损机制为显微切削。涂层的相对耐磨性是淬火45#钢的16倍以上。     

自蔓延高温合成钴-钛系多孔合金

采用自蔓延高温合成制备了Co-Ti多孔体新型人体骨、关节材料。以Ti粉和Co粉按原子比Ti∶Co=1∶1与Ti∶Co=2∶12种配比的原料,在10Pa负压条件下,500℃预热2min点燃进行自蔓延合成反应。对反应产物进行XRD分析和SEM观察及力学性能测试。结果表明,2种合成产物分别为单相CoTi和CoTi2。CoTi的结构和力学性能比CoTi2优越。其孔隙率为40.9%,抗压强度308MPa,抗折强度134MPa,弹性模量11.6GPa,与人体骨、关节具有很好的力学性能相容性。因此用SHS法制备的CoTi多孔合金有望作为一种新型人体植入材料获得开发应用。     

高坝洲水电厂计算机监控系统改造

介绍高坝洲水电厂计算机监控系统改造工程的设计、结构、配置、功能,与原系统的差异以及安装调试,以期对其他水电厂监控系统的改造项目具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Application of the gel casting process in iron powder metallurgy

The effects of various gel casting process parameters such as the dispersant and solid loading on the rheology of Fe slurries, molding, and sintering behaviors were studied. The relationship between solid loading and viscidity in the process of iron base powder metallurgy was researched to obtain better microstructure and properties. The results showed that the viscosity of Fe slurries is obviously reduced with the increase of the dispersant. The suitable parameters are as follows： the solid loading is 61% and sintering temperature is 1180℃. Iron parts with relatively high density and better properties were obtained by the gel casting process.     

用SHS将核废物固定于类矿石

分析了钛酸锶(SrTiO3)的晶体结构和性能，利用自蔓延高温合成反应生成钛酸锶(SrTiO3)，使Sr^2 直接参与合成反应，从根本上解决了Sr^2 包容量的问题。通过多种现代分析技术研究了钛酸锶固化体的物理、化学性能。结果表明固化体样品密度高、孔隙率小、浸出率低且稳定性高，技术和经济上可行。表明自蔓延高温技术制备的钛酸锶是固化锶核素的理想固化体．     

Structure–property relations of nylon‐6 and polytetramethylene glycol based multiblock copolymers with microphase separation prepared through reactive processing

A series of poly(urethane‐urea‐amide) thermoplastic elastomers (PUUAs) based on polytetrahydrofuran (polytetramethylene glycol, PTMG), nylon‐6 and 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate were synthesized through reactive processing. This method solved the incompatibility of nylon‐6 and PTMG, and these model elastomers were used to gain insight into the structure–property relations of block polymers. The target products were solvent resistant, transparent and melting‐processable. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, XRD, DSC, TEM, dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile testing and TGA were used to study the structure, crystallization, morphology, mechanical properties and thermostability of the PUUAs. The Fourier transform infrared results proved the successful preparation of PUUAs from nylon‐6 and PTMG. TEM examination showed that all samples exhibit microphase separated morphology with the nylon‐6 domain dispersed in the PTMG phase. The results of tensile testing indicated that the elastomers exhibit excellent mechanical properties with stress at break and strain at break exceeding 40 MPa and 600% respectively. The TGA results implied that the PUUAs can be fabricated by transitional processing at proper temperature without any thermodegradation. These favorable features were related to the microphase separated structure of the PUUAs. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry