浮选柱反浮选脱镁工艺研究

利用浮选柱对高硅镁中低品位胶磷矿(P_2O_5 25.74%、MgO 1.31%、SiO_2 13.79%)进行反浮选脱镁实验,优化了反浮选脱镁工艺,并比较了浮选柱和浮选机的反浮选脱镁效果。确定最佳脱镁工艺条件为:捕收剂用量1.2 kg·t~(-1)、磷酸用量7 kg·t~(-1)、充气流量600 L·h~(-1)、冲洗水流量6 L·h~(-1)、柱径比8,在此条件下,得到P_2O_5品位为27.36%、MgO含量为0.64%的精矿,且精矿产率为92.65%,P_2O_5回收率为98.71%。     

离子液体修饰超顺磁性纳米颗粒用于青霉素G酰化酶固定化(英文)

Functionalized ionic liquids containing ethyoxyl groups were synthesized and immobilized on magnetic silica nanoparticles(MSNP) prepared by two steps,i.e.,Fe3O4 synthesis and silica shell growth on the surface.This magnetic nanoparticle supported ionic liquid(MNP-IL) were applied in the immobilization of penicillin G acylase(PGA).The MSNPs and MNP-ILs were characterized by the means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM).The results showed that the average size of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and MSNPs were ~10 and ~90 nm,respectively.The saturation magnetizations of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and MNP-ILs were 63.7 and 26.9 A?m2?kg?1,respectively.The MNP-IL was successfully applied in the immobilization of PGA.The maximum amount of loaded enzyme was about 209 mg?g?1(based on carrier),and the highest enzyme activity of immobilized PGA(based on ImPGA) was 261 U?g?1.Both the amount of loaded enzyme and the activity of ImPGA are at the same level of or higher than that in previous reports.After 10 consecutive operations,ImPGA still main-tained 62% of its initial activity,indicating the good recovery property of ImPGA activity.The ionic liquid modified magnetic particles integrate the magnetic properties of Fe3O4 and the structure-tunable properties of ionic liquids,and have extensive potential uses in protein immobilization and magnetic bioseparation.This work may open up a novel strategy to immobilize proteins by ionic liquids.     

Investigation of Three-liquid-phase Extraction Systems for Simultaneous Separation of Emodin and Rhein

Several three-liquid-phase extraction systems comprised of organic extractant,polymer and salt aqueous solution were applied to isolate and purify simulated herbal extract containing emodin and rhein.Some influential factors on the partitioning behaviors were studied.The results revealed that extractant type and solution pH value were crucial factors for improving the separation performance.The optimal separation results were obtained at pH 8.00 with methyl isobutyl ketone as the extractant,10%（ω） polyethylene glycol with the molecular weight 4000 Da,and 10%（ω） ammonium sulphate.Under the optimized conditions,95%emodin and 97%rhein were simultaneously extracted into the organic phase and polymer-rich phase from simulated herbal solution with the initial concentration of 100×l0^-6（ω）,respectively,and their separation factor of over 10000 was achieved.By adjusting pH value,back extraction rate of both emodin and rhein could be up to about 99%.With the assistance of molecular simulation program XLOGP3 and molecular orbital package,the possible mechanism of extraction was analyzed,and hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen-bonding interaction might be the major driving forces affecting the partitioning behaviors of emodin and rhein.     

2-氨基丁酸的合成研究

以正丁酸和溴为原料,分别采用PBr3路线和PPA路线合成了2-溴丁酸,通过对比发现PPA路线总体优于PBr3路线,2-溴丁酸的收率为84.5%,且其最佳投料比（溴与正丁酸的摩尔比）为1.17∶1.再分别以2-溴丁酸与氨气,2-溴丁酸与氨水为起始原料制备了2-氨基丁酸,前者2-氨基丁酸的收率仅为23.2%,且难以达到反应所需条件;后者所得2-氨基丁酸经用乙醇的水溶液（水与乙醇的体积比为1∶3）重结晶,其收率为62.5%.并采用红外（IR）和核磁（^1HNMR）对产品的结构进行了表征.     

磷酸铁的湿法磷酸制备及其对合成的磷酸铁锂性能的影响

以湿法磷酸和硫酸亚铁分别为磷源和铁源,通过合成、沉淀过程制备磷酸铁,研究了不同摩尔投料比对合成磷酸铁质量的影响,并以制备的磷酸铁为磷源和铁源采用溶胶凝胶法制备了磷酸铁锂材料.采用了X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等手段对合成的磷酸铁锂材料结构和微观形貌进行表征,同时考察了其电化学性能.结果表明：在湿法磷酸和硫酸亚铁摩尔比为1∶1时合成出的磷酸铁中磷质量分数为16.38％,铁质量分数为29.30％,得到的产物最为接近二水磷酸铁;用该磷酸铁制备的磷酸铁锂正极材料在0.1C倍率下充放电,其首次放电比容量达144.4 mAh/g,40次充放电循环后放电容量能达到141.6 mAh/g,衰减率为1.94％,循环倍率性能优良.     

磷矿反浮选脱硅药剂的合成与应用

针对现有磷矿反浮选脱硅药剂浮选指标不佳、泡沫粘稠等问题,以脂肪酰氯、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺、溴乙烷为原料,合成出一种高效、适应酸性矿浆条件且对环境友好的含酯基季铵盐捕收剂X-12.结果表明:在单矿物浮选实验中,X-12捕收剂在矿浆pH=5的条件下对石英有很好的分选效果;用X-12捕收剂和抑制剂三聚磷酸钠(STTP)对原矿P2O5品位25.74％,MgO品位2.18％,SiO2品位16.33％的高硅磷矿直接进行单一反浮选脱硅,获得了磷精矿中P2O5品位为30.42％、回收率82.21％、SiO2品位6.59％、脱硅率69.95％的指标.通过与自合成的X-10和X-14的浮选指标对比,研究不同长度的疏水基团对浮选指标的影响,发现捕收剂X-12具有更好的浮选性能;与传统捕收剂十二胺、十四烷基三甲基溴化铵TTAB的浮选指标对比,表明在浮选药剂的疏水基团中引入酯基能改善浮选药剂的浮选泡沫性能和浮选指标.     

磷酸二铵包膜缓释肥料的性能研究

以玉米淀粉、聚乙烯醇、二氧化硅（湿法磷酸脱氟制备氟化钾时的副产物）、丙三醇和膨润土为主要原料,以水作为溶剂制备包膜乳液,以高压喷枪将包膜乳液多次雾化对磷酸二铵颗粒（DAP）进行喷涂,成功制备了一种磷酸二铵缓释肥。研究了不同金属离子种类、不同离子浓度对其缓释性的影响;金属离子种类对土壤持水性能的影响;包膜肥料对土壤保水性和持水性能的影响。结果表明：磷酸二铵包膜肥料的缓释性能随金属离子浓度的增加而增加,多价金属阳离子对包膜肥料缓释性能的影响大于单价金属阳离子;土壤的持水性能会受金属离子种类的影响;包膜肥料能提高土壤的保水性能和持水性能。