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1.
2.
In this paper we analyze how supervised learning occurs in ecological neural networks, i.e. networks that interact with an
autonomous external environment and, therefore, at least partially determine with their behavior their own input. Using an
evolutionary method for selecting good teaching inputs we surprisingly find that to obtain a desired outputX it is better to use a teaching input different fromX. To explain this fact we claim that teaching inputs in ecological networks have two different effects: (a) to reduce the
discrepancy between the actual output of the network and the teaching input, (b) to modify the network's behavior and, as
a consequence, the network's learning experiences. Evolved teaching inputs appear to represent a compromise between these
two needs. We finally show that evolved teaching inputs that are allowed to change during the learning process function differently
at different stages of learning, first giving more weight to (b) and, later on, to (a). 相似文献
3.
Eighteen spring-born Columbia ram, wether, and zeranol-implanted ram lambs were studied to determine the influence of castration or zeranol implants on intramuscular collagen (IMC) properties and muscle shear force values. Warner-Bratzler shear force values for longissimus muscle were greatest for ram lambs, intermediate for implanted rams, and least for wethers (P < .05). Nonreducible collagen crosslink concentration was greater in IMC of rams and implanted rams (P < .05). The IMC from rams compared with that from wethers contained proportionately more Type III than Type I collagen (P < .05); values for implanted rams were intermediate. Heat-soluble muscle collagen concentration was greater for rams and implanted rams than for wethers (P < .05); however, insoluble collagen concentration did not differ by treatment. Muscle collagen concentrations were not different for rams, wethers, or implanted rams. Increased shear force values in rams were associated with elevated collagen crosslink concentration and increased proportion of Type III collagen. Greater concentration of soluble collagen in ram IMC neither diminished nor diluted IMC crosslinking. The proportion of heat-labile collagen in the fractions did not reflect the IMC crosslinking profile for ram and wether lambs. Zeranol implantation modified IMC characteristics of rams such that shear force values and some collagen properties were similar to those of wethers. 相似文献
4.
AP Krapcho E Menta A Oliva R Di Domenico L Fiocchi ME Maresch CE Gallagher MP Hacker G Beggiolin FC Giuliani G Pezzoni S Spinelli 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,41(27):5429-5444
The synthesis and antitumor evaluation of 2, 5-disubstituted-indazolo[4,3-gh]isoquinolin-6(2H)-ones (9-aza-APs) are described. The key intermediates in the synthesis are benz[g]isoquinoline-5,10-diones which are substituted at positions 6 and 9 with groups of different nucleofugacity for SNAr displacements. The initial displacement of fluoride by a substituted hydrazine leads to the pyrazole analogues. Substitution of the remaining leaving group by an amine or BOC-protected amines leads to the 9-aza-APs 12. These analogues were converted into their maleate or hydrochloride salts 13. In two cases, namely, 13x and 13z, sidearm buildup was also employed in the synthetic pathway. In vitro evaluation of 9-aza-APs against the human colon tumor cell line LoVo uncovered for most of the compounds a cytotoxic potency lower than that of DuP-941 or mitoxantrone and comparable to that of doxorubicin. Only analogues 13c, 13n, and 13ff were as cytotoxic as DuP-941. Interestingly, while DuP-941 was highly cross-resistant in the LoVo cell line resistant to doxorubicin (LoVo/Dx), the 9-aza-APs carrying a distal lipophilic tertiary amine moiety in both chains were capable of overcoming the MDR resistance induced in this cell line. The 9-aza-APs show outstanding in vivo antitumor activity against both systemic P388 murine leukemia and MX-1 human mammary carcinoma transplanted in nude mice. At their optimal dosages, congeners 13a-c, 13f, 13n, 13q, 13x, and 13dd were highly effective against P388 leukemia with T/C% of 200-381, while the T/C% value of DuP-941 was 147. In the MX-1 tumor model, 24 compounds elicited percentages of tumor weight inhibitions (TWI) ranging from 50% to 99%. Congeners 13d, 13k, 13l, 13x, 13z, and 13ee emerged as the most effective ones, with TWI% 96, simliar to that of DuP-941 (TWI% = 95). On the basis of their efficacy profile in additional experimental tumors and lack of cardiotoxicity in preclinical models, two congeners have surfaced as potential clinical candidates. 相似文献
5.
Domenico Ferrari 《Multimedia Systems》1998,6(3):179-185
The research done by the Tenet Group in multimedia networking has reached a point where it may be useful to reflect on the
significance of its results for the current debate on how integrated-services internetworks should be designed. Such reflections
constitute the main subject of this paper. The principles of the work and the conclusions reached so far by the Tenet researchers
are discussed in the light of the conflict between the two major technologies being proposed to build future information infrastructures:
namely, the Internet and the ATM technologies. The Tenet approach suggests one feasible way for resolving the conflict to
the advantage of all the users of those infrastructures. This paper discusses various fundamental aspects of integrated-services
network design: the choice of the service model, the type of charging policy to be adopted, and the selection of a suitable
architecture. 相似文献
6.
Ilaria Zuliani Chiara Lanzillotta Antonella Tramutola Eugenio Barone Marzia Perluigi Serena Rinaldo Alessio Paone Francesca Cutruzzol Francesco Bellanti Matteo Spinelli Francesca Natale Salvatore Fusco Claudio Grassi Fabio Di Domenico 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(7)
The disturbance of protein O-GlcNAcylation is emerging as a possible link between altered brain metabolism and the progression of neurodegeneration. As observed in brains with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), flaws of the cerebral glucose uptake translate into reduced protein O-GlcNAcylation, which promote the formation of pathological hallmarks. A high-fat diet (HFD) is known to foster metabolic dysregulation and insulin resistance in the brain and such effects have been associated with the reduction of cognitive performances. Remarkably, a significant role in HFD-related cognitive decline might be played by aberrant protein O-GlcNAcylation by triggering the development of AD signature and mitochondrial impairment. Our data support the impairment of total protein O-GlcNAcylation profile both in the brain of mice subjected to a 6-week high-fat-diet (HFD) and in our in vitro transposition on SH-SY5Y cells. The reduction of protein O-GlcNAcylation was associated with the development of insulin resistance, induced by overfeeding (i.e., defective insulin signaling and reduced mitochondrial activity), which promoted the dysregulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) flux, through the AMPK-driven reduction of GFAT1 activation. Further, we observed that a HFD induced the selective impairment of O-GlcNAcylated-tau and of O-GlcNAcylated-Complex I subunit NDUFB8, thus resulting in tau toxicity and reduced respiratory chain functionality respectively, highlighting the involvement of this posttranslational modification in the neurodegenerative process. 相似文献
7.
Patrizia Marchese Maria Lombardi Maria Elena Mantione Domenico Baccellieri David Ferrara Roberto Chiesa Ottavio Alfieri Chiara Foglieni 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(8)
Atherothrombosis exposes vascular components to blood. Currently, new antithrombotic therapies are emerging. Herein we investigated thrombogenesis of human arteries with/without atherosclerosis, and the interaction of coagulation and vascular components, we and explored the anti-thrombogenic efficacy of blockade of the P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7). A confocal blood flow videomicroscopy system was performed on cryosections of internal mammary artery (IMA) or carotid plaque (CPL) determining/localizing platelets and fibrin. Blood from healthy donors elicited thrombi over arterial layers. Confocal microscopy associated thrombus with tissue presence of collagen type I, laminin, fibrin(ogen) and tissue factor (TF). The addition of antibodies blocking TF (aTF) or factor XI (aFXI) to blood significantly reduced fibrin deposition, variable platelet aggregation and aTF + aFXI almost abolished thrombus formation, showing synergy between coagulation pathways. A scarce effect of aTF over sub-endothelial regions, more abundant in tissue TF and bundles of laminin and collagen type I than deep intima, may suggest tissue thrombogenicity as molecular structure-related. Consistently with TF-related vascular function and expression of P2X7, the sections from CPL but not IMA tissue cultures pre-treated with the P2X7 antagonist A740003 demonstrated poor thrombogenesis in flow experiments. These data hint to local targeting studies on P2X7 modulation for atherothrombosis prevention/therapy. 相似文献
8.
Paola Scarfato Elvira Avallone Pio Iannelli Vincenzo De Feo Domenico Acierno 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2007,105(6):3568-3577
In this paper we report on the preparation and characterization of polyurea‐based microencapsulated systems, containing essential oils as core materials, for potential applications in controlled‐release formulations of agrochemicals. Microcapsules were synthesized by interfacial polymerization in o/w emulsion between polyfunctional isocyanates and diamines, to investigate the effect of the monomer kind on the morphology and properties of the produced samples. The synthetic conditions that gave the best results were used to microencapsulate four essential oils, able to interfere with the seed germination and radicle elongation of some test plants. The produced samples were characterized, with the aim to analyze their morphology and to verify the effectiveness of essential oil microencapsulation. Moreover, preliminary bioassay based on seed germination and subsequent radical growth were carried out to study the effects of the microencapsulated essential oils. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007 相似文献
9.
A DISTANCE MEASURE FOR CLASSIFYING ARIMA MODELS 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Abstract. In a number of practical problems where clustering or choosing from a set of dynamic structures is needed, the introduction of a distance between the data is an early step in the application of multivariate statistical methods. In this paper a parametric approach is proposed in order to introduce a well-defined metric on the class of autoregressive integrated moving-average (ARIMA) invertible models as the Euclidean distance between their autoregressive expansions. Two case studies for clustering economic time series and for assessing the consistency of seasonal adjustment procedures are discussed. Finally, some related proposals are surveyed and some suggestions for further research are made. 相似文献
10.
Cristiano Ceglie Giuseppe Piro Domenico Striccoli Pietro Camarda 《Multimedia Tools and Applications》2016,75(8):4411-4440
The progress of three-dimensional 3D technologies, together with the wide diffusion of both Internet and broadband technologies, is paving the way to emerging live streaming services which have been conceived for delivering 3D video contents in real-time fashion to end users. Nowadays, the only available tools supporting stereoscopic 3D video services cannot be freely downloaded and require the adoption of owner stereoscopic players. Motivated by the lack of an effective solution, we developed a freeware and open source 3D live streaming framework, namely 3DStreaming. It provides stereoscopic 3D live streaming services over the Internet. In particular, it realizes a complete server implementation, offering the support for any transmission protocol and encoding scheme, as well as the full compatibility with any network architecture (i.e., LAN, MAN, Internet, and so on). At the same time, it allows users to use the preferable stereoscopic player and to render the video through any technique available for the chosen player. The overall performances of the proposed tool have been presented by testing its behavior in several network configurations (i.e., by varying network topology, coding technique, 3D representation format, and average encoding rate). All the measured metrics, which include the number of RTP segments that are transmitted and received, the frame loss ratio, and the PSNR, fully demonstrate the right behavior of the implemented tool in all the considered scenarios. We believe that, thanks to its high flexibility, this tool can be exploited by researchers working on stereoscopic-3D related issues to design, test, and evaluate novel and innovative algorithms, protocols, and network architectures. 相似文献