Simulation and experimental research on energy conversion efficiency of scroll expander for micro‐Compressed Air Energy Storage system

A scroll expander was applied to the Micro‐Compressed Air Energy Storage system, and its energy conversion efficiency was investigated. In order to study the variation mechanism of the volume, mass, pressure and temperature of the air in different chambers, the mathematical model of the expansion process was developed on the base of the geometric model, mass conservation equation, ideal gas equation and energy conservation equation. Then, the mathematical model was implemented in Matlab, and the simulated energy conversion efficiency defined as the ratio between the output shaft power of the scroll expander and the input compressed air power was obtained. Furthermore, a test system was built in order to validate the mathematical model and study the improvement of the energy conversion efficiency. The prototypes of the scroll expander with different cross‐sectional areas of the intake port or the discharge port were fabricated and tested in the experiments. Results show that the simulated torque and energy conversion efficiency agree well with the experimental results. Also, there is a small deviation between the expansion process and the ideal isentropic process due to the gas leakage, intake and discharge loss. In addition, the air supply pressure and the cross‐sectional area ratio of the discharge port to the intake port are two important parameters for the improvement of the energy conversion efficiency. The experiments show that the energy conversion efficiency varies from 23% to 36% at the air supply pressure of 0.35 to 0.65 MPa, indicating that it is proportional to the air supply pressure. It can also be concluded from the experiments that when the air pressure is higher than 0.45 MPa, the ideal ratio range can be determined as 0.6‐0.8. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

FeOT-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3渣系中铅及其氯化物蒸汽压测定

利用Knudsen喷射法测试FeOT?CaO?SiO2?Al2O3渣系中铅及其氯化物的蒸汽压。结果显示该复杂体系中铅及其氯化物的蒸汽压随温度升高而升高。对于不含氯元素的渣系,铅的挥发气体种类为PbO 和金属Pb。二者蒸汽压的对数(lnp)与温度的倒数(1/T)之间呈良好的线性关系。金属 Pb 蒸汽形成比例越高,总的蒸汽压越高。铅的蒸汽压随FeOT?CaO?SiO2?Al2O3渣系碱度的升高、随FeO含量及w(Fe2+)/w(Fe3+)比例的升高而升高。对于含有Cl元素的渣系,铅的挥发气体种类为PbCl2和PbCl,二者总的蒸汽压随渣碱度及FeO含量的降低而升高。     

Scaling of cylindrical shells under axial impact

A technique of correcting scaled strain rate sensitive structures subject to dynamic loads is described and applied to a shell under axial impact. The prototype and models responses were simulated using finite element method. Final deformed shape, collapse mode, displacement at the top of the shell and maximum force of scaled models are compared to the respective prototype. It is shown that the models response are quite different from the prototype if no correction is performed. By correcting the initial impact velocity, the models scale quite well and it is even possible to obtain the transition phenomenon between global and progressive buckling of shells subject to the axial impact of a mass.     

A Microcomputer System for Spatiotemporal Visual Receptive Field Analysis

A microcomputer system was developed to measure visual spatiotemporal receptive fields. The system performs three functions: 1) generation of a binary spatiotemporal white-noise stimulus, 2) acquisition of spike discharges from retinal ganglion cells, and 3) extraction of the linear part of the spatiotemporal receptive flelds by cross correlating the input against the output. We have applied this system to the measurement of the spatiotemporal receptive fields of cat and catfish retinal ganglion cells.     

基于有限状态机的输电线路巡检机器人自主越障运动控制方法

针对输电线路巡检机器人自主越障运动控制复杂、越障效率低等问题,以一款五臂式巡检机器人为例,通过规划与分析机器人越障动作序列,基于有限状态机理论,提出一种机器人自主越障运动控制方法。通过建立以传感器检测信息为迁移条件的越障运动控制模型,对机器人自主越障运动进行控制;将机器人置于线路环境进行巡检实验。结果表明：该机器人能自主识别并稳定、高效地跨越线路障碍,完成巡检任务,验证了机器人系统的合理性及自主越障运动控制方法的可行性。     

Nanostructured coatings produced by a novel ultrasonic-assisted method: Coating characterisation and formation mechanism

In this study, we introduce a novel method of mechanical plating to produce nanopowder coatings on a number of metal substrates by using TiN nanopowder as a representative example. This method, proposed earlier by the authors, allows a coating to be applied at room temperatures and atmospheric pressure in a relatively short time. These coatings were characterised for microhardness, roughness, and scratch adhesion. Their micro- and nanostructures were investigated by SEM and TEM. On the basis of the results of these analyses, possible mechanisms of coating formation were tentatively proposed and discussed. To further elucidate the coating formation mechanisms and to estimate the process capability, a mathematical model was developed and verified against the experimental results.     

机械类大学生科技创新第二课堂体系的构建

本文通过对目前高校机械类大学生创新现状的分析,从第二课堂体系氛围的营造、体系的中心内容、保障措施等方面对机械类大学生科技创新第二课堂体系的建设进行了探索。第二课堂体系的实施,对学生的创新意识、综合素质和能力的提高起到了促进作用。     

Transcutaneous Blood Flow Measurement by Electromagnetic Induction

A new induction flowmeter which can measure the blood flow from the skin surface is discussed theoretically and experimentally. A pair of electrodes placed on the skin detect the EMF induced by the interaction of the blood flow and a magnetic field applied from outside the skin. The relation between the EMF and the flow rate, which is obtained theoretically, is also confirmed experimentally within the error of 10 percent.