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排序方式: 共有123条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
J. Cochard P. Léonide J. Borgomano Y. Guglielmi G. Massonnat J-P. Rolando L. Marié A. Pasquier 《Journal of Petroleum Geology》2020,43(1):75-94
Upper Barremian – Lower Aptian inner platform “Urgonian” limestones in the Mont de Vaucluse region, SE France, consist of alternating metre-scale microporous and tight intervals. This paper focuses on the influence of structural deformation on the reservoir properties of the Urgonian limestone succession in a study area near the town of Rustrel. Petrographic, petrophysical and structural data were recovered from five fully-cored boreholes, from the walls of a 100 m long underground tunnel, and from a 50 m long transect at a nearby outcrop. The data allowed reservoir property variations in the Urgonian limestones to be studied from core to reservoir scale. Eleven Reservoir Rock Types (RRTs) were identified based on petrographic features (texture, grain size), reservoir properties (porosity, permeability), and the frequency of structural discontinuities such as fractures, faults and stylolites. Tight and microporous reservoir rock types were distinguished. Tight reservoir rock types were characterised by early cementation of intergranular pore spaces and by the presence of frequent structural discontinuities. By contrast microporous reservoir rock types contained preserved intragranular microporosity and matrix permeability, but had very few structural discontinuities. Observed vertical alternations of microporous and tight rock types are interpreted to have been controlled by the early diagenesis of the Urgonian carbonates. Deformation associated with regional-scale tectonic phases, including Albian – Cenomanian “Durancian” uplift (∼105 to 96 Ma) and Pyrenean compression (∼55 to 25 Ma), resulted in the modification of the initial petrophysical properties of the Urgonian limestones. An early diagenetic imprint conditioned both the intensity of structural deformations and the associated circulations of diagenetic and meteoric fluids. Evolution of the Reservoir Rock Types is therefore linked both to the depositional conditions and to subsequent phases of structural deformation. 相似文献
2.
The biochemical composition can be seen as a good indicator of both the biodegradability and the methane potential of a given waste. The work presented here is an attempt to elaborate a typology of wastes and to compare it to the anaerobic degradation characteristics. The first data indicate that there is a link between the ligno-cellulosic content of the waste and the biodegradability. When dealing with application to anaerobic digestion processes, having a tool to predict the ability of the waste to be degraded could be of the greatest interest for preventing failures, estimating biogas production, methane content, or for the management of co-digestion processes. 相似文献
3.
O Bernard B Chachuat A Hélias B Le Dantec B Sialve J-P Steyer L Lardon P Neveu S Lambert J Gallop M Dixon P Ratini A Quintabà S Frattesi J M Lema E Roca G Ruiz J Rodriguez A Franco P Vanrolleghem U Zaher D J W De Pauw K De Neve K Lievens D Dochaine O Schoefs H Fibrianto R Farina V Alcaraz Gonzalez V Gonzalez Alvarez P Lemaire J A Martinez F Esandi O Duclaud J F Lavigne 《Water science and technology》2005,52(1-2):457-464
The TELEMAC project brings new methodologies from the Information and Science Technologies field to the world of water treatment. TELEMAC offers an advanced remote management system which adapts to most of the anaerobic wastewater treatment plants that do not benefit from a local expert in wastewater treatment. The TELEMAC system takes advantage of new sensors to better monitor the process dynamics and to run automatic controllers that stabilise the treatment plant, meet the depollution requirements and provide a biogas quality suitable for cogeneration. If the automatic system detects a failure which cannot be solved automatically or locally by a technician, then an expert from the TELEMAC Control Centre is contacted via the internet and manages the problem. 相似文献
4.
This article presents an approach for the automatic recognition of non-native speech. Some non-native speakers tend to pronounce
phonemes as they would in their native language. Model adaptation can improve the recognition rate for non-native speakers,
but has difficulties dealing with pronunciation errors like phoneme insertions or substitutions. For these pronunciation mismatches,
pronunciation modeling can make the recognition system more robust. Our approach is based on acoustic model transformation
and pronunciation modeling for multiple non-native accents. For acoustic model transformation, two approaches are evaluated:
MAP and model re-estimation. For pronunciation modeling, confusion rules (alternate pronunciations) are automatically extracted
from a small non-native speech corpus. This paper presents a novel approach to introduce confusion rules in the recognition
system which are automatically learned through pronunciation modelling. The modified HMM of a foreign spoken language phoneme
includes its canonical pronunciation along with all the alternate non-native pronunciations, so that spoken language phonemes
pronounced correctly by a non-native speaker could be recognized. We evaluate our approaches on the European project HIWIRE non-native corpus which contains English sentences pronounced by French, Italian, Greek and Spanish speakers. Two cases are
studied: the native language of the test speaker is either known or unknown. Our approach gives better recognition results
than the classical acoustic adaptation of HMM when the foreign origin of the speaker is known. We obtain 22% WER reduction
compared to the reference system. 相似文献
5.
Barry U Choubert JM Canler JP Héduit A Robin L Lessard P 《Water science and technology》2012,65(7):1172-1178
This work suggests a procedure to correctly calibrate the parameters of a one-dimensional MBBR dynamic model in nitrification treatment. The study deals with the MBBR configuration with two reactors in series, one for carbon treatment and the other for nitrogen treatment. Because of the influence of the first reactor on the second one, the approach needs a specific calibration strategy. Firstly, a comparison between measured values and simulated ones obtained with default parameters has been carried out. Simulated values of filtered COD, NH(4)-N and dissolved oxygen are underestimated and nitrates are overestimated compared with observed data. Thus, nitrifying rate and oxygen transfer into the biofilm are overvalued. Secondly, a sensitivity analysis was carried out for parameters and for COD fractionation. It revealed three classes of sensitive parameters: physical, diffusional and kinetic. Then a calibration protocol of the MBBR dynamic model was proposed. It was successfully tested on data recorded at a pilot-scale plant and a calibrated set of values was obtained for four parameters: the maximum biofilm thickness, the detachment rate, the maximum autotrophic growth rate and the oxygen transfer rate. 相似文献
6.
The aim of magnetization transfer is to saturate the protons of the macromolecule pool with a radiofrequency (RF) pulse leading
to differences in free water pool signal. Magnetization transfer (MT) contrast is difficult to achieve with the echo planar
imaging (EPI) technique, although its short acquisition time would be most beneficial. Indeed, the RF saturation pulses can
only be applied once before sampling the whole k-space in a single-short sequence. A possible solution to improve the sensitivity
of EPI to magnetization transfer consists in applying a train of several saturation RF pulses before image acquisition. The
different parameters of a RF pulse train and their influence on the MT rate have been tested to optimize an EPI clinical sequence.
Our experimental procedure makes it possible to obtain a MT map in about 1 second. The technique is evaluated by multiple
sclerosis lesion characterization.
Supported by grants from the French research ministry and Siemens medical France. 相似文献
7.
R. Biston P. Dardenne M. Cwikowski M. Marlier M. Severin J-P. Wathelet 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1988,65(10):1599-1600
Industry and plant breeders require fast methods to analyze glucosinolates in rapeseed. We tested the potential of near infrared
reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for this analysis and developed calibration equations on a large population of whole seeds.
Reference methods used are high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas liquid chromatography (GLC) of desulphoglucosinolates,
a glucose-release method after purification on an anion exchange column and a palladium test. In the range from 2 to 107 μM/g
and after transformation of the data in first derivative, a correlation coefficient of 0.99 was observed, as well as standard
errors of estimated values of 2.15, 2.52, 2.67 and 4.07 for samples analyzed by HPLC, GLC, glucose and the palladium test,
respectively. With different wavelengths, a limited calibration test on seeds containing from 4 to 40 μM/g gives a standard
error of 1.91 μM/g (HPLC). 相似文献
8.
Kis A Csányi G Salvetat JP Lee TN Couteau E Kulik AJ Benoit W Brugger J Forró L 《Nature materials》2004,3(3):153-157
During their production, single-walled carbon nanotubes form bundles. Owing to the weak van der Waals interaction that holds them together in the bundle, the tubes can easily slide on each other, resulting in a shear modulus comparable to that of graphite. This low shear modulus is also a major obstacle in the fabrication of macroscopic fibres composed of carbon nanotubes. Here, we have introduced stable links between neighbouring carbon nanotubes within bundles, using moderate electron-beam irradiation inside a transmission electron microscope. Concurrent measurements of the mechanical properties using an atomic force microscope show a 30-fold increase of the bending modulus, due to the formation of stable crosslinks that effectively eliminate sliding between the nanotubes. Crosslinks were modelled using first-principles calculations, showing that interstitial carbon atoms formed during irradiation in addition to carboxyl groups, can independently lead to bridge formation between neighbouring nanotubes. 相似文献
9.
This letter suggests that in biological organisms, the perceived structure of reality, in particular the notions of body, environment, space, object, and attribute, could be a consequence of an effort on the part of brains to account for the dependency between their inputs and their outputs in terms of a small number of parameters. To validate this idea, a procedure is demonstrated whereby the brain of a (simulated) organism with arbitrary input and output connectivity can deduce the dimensionality of the rigid group of the space underlying its input-output relationship, that is, the dimension of what the organism will call physical space. 相似文献
10.
P Rousseau J-P Steyer E I P Volcke N Bernet F Béline 《Water science and technology》2008,58(1):133-141
In order to deal with the environmental problems associated with animal production industrialization and at the same time considering energy costs increasing, a piggery wastewater treatment process consisting of combined anaerobic digestion and biological nitrogen removal by activated sludge was developed. This contribution presents a modelling framework in order to optimize this process. Modified versions of the well established ASM1 and ADM1 models have been used. The ADM1 was extended with biological denitrification. pH calculation and liquid gas-transfer were modified to take into account the effect of associated components. Finally, two interfaces (ADMtoASM and ASMtoADM) were built in order to combine both models. These interfaces set up the COD, nitrogen, alkalinity and charge fractionation between both models. However, for the mass balances between both models, some hypotheses were considered and might be evaluated. 相似文献