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1.
Hamsters were fed high fiber diets containing cellulose, wheat bran or psyllium. The psyllium was incorporated into high fiber, ready-to-eat (RTE) flakes that were used to formulate the test diet. All the diets contained 0.125% cholesterol. The study was terminated after three weeks. Food intake, weight gain and feed efficiency were not significantly different in the three groups. Serum total and HDL cholesterol levels were reduced significantly by the psyllium diet. Serum triglycerides were 26% lower in the hamsters fed psyllium but because of the large variation the difference did not reach statistical significance. Liver total cholesterol and cholesteryl ester levels were significantly lower in the hamsters fed psyllium. Liver triglycerides were highest in the psyllium-fed hamsters and liver phospholipid levels were similar in the three groups. Liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels were higher in hamsters fed cellulose than in those fed wheat bran. Psyllium formulated into an RTE cereal was effective in reducing serum and liver cholesterol levels in hamsters. 相似文献
2.
Epidemiological data suggest that populations subsisting on high fiber diets are free of a number of the diseases of Western
civilization, among them coronary heart disease. Studies in animals and man show that each type of fiber exerts it own specific
influence. Thus, in man bran has no effect on serum lipids, but pectin lowers cholesterol levels. In animals fed atherogenic
diets, alfalfa and pectin exert some measure of protection, but cellulose does not. To fully understand the mode of action
of dietary fiber, it is necessary to ascertain the mechanism(s) of action of each chemical component of that fiber. 相似文献
3.
The experiments reported are part of our effort to dissociate the tumor-enhancing effects of dietary fat and high caloric
intake. Rats either were fed ad libitum diets containing 4% corn oil or their calories were restricted by 40% and their diets
contained 13.1% corn oil. Incidence of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors was 80% in rats fed ad
libitum and 20% in those fed the calorie-restricted diets. Incidence of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon tumors was
100% in rats fed ad libitum and 53% in those whose caloric intake was restricted by 40%. The tumor yield (tumors per tumor-bearing
rat) was significantly lower in rats on caloric restriction. In another series, rats were fed diets containing 5, 15 or 20%
corn oil ad libitum or were fed calorie-restricted (by 25%) diets which provided 20 or 26.6% corn oil (therefore, the same
absolute amount of fat was consumed in each of the pair-fed groups). Tumor incidence and tumor yield in the two calorie-restricted
groups were similar to those seen in the rats fed 5% fat ad lititum; tumor burden (total g of tumor) was 45–65% lower in the
calorie-restricted rats. The data suggest that caloric intake is a more stringent determinant of tumor growth than fat intake. 相似文献
4.
David Kritchevsky Larry M. Davidson Daniel A. Scott J. J. Van der Watt Dennis Mendelsohn 《Lipids》1988,23(3):164-168
Male Vervet monkeys (7/treatment) were fed a “Western” diet containing 46.2% calories as fat, 39.8% as carbohydrate and 14.0%
as protein. The diet was augmented with 10% cellulose or 10% pectin. A third (control) group of seven monkeys was fed a commercial
ration augmented with fruit and bread. After 34 weeks, serum cholesterol levels were elevated significantly in the two test
groups compared with the controls but there was no difference between the two fiber-fed groups. Serum triglycerides were unaffected.
Liver cholesterol levels were the same in all three groups but liver triglyceride levels were lower in the monkeys fed cellulose.
Biliary lipids were similar in all three groups as were the calculated lithogenic indices. The average aortic sudanophilia
(percent of total area) in the three groups was cellulose, 10.6±2.5; pectin, 8.1±2.5; and control, 1.1±0.4. One animal in
each of the groups fed “Western” diet exhibited an atherosclerotic plaque. The results indicate that there is no difference
between pectin and cellulose with regard to their effects on either lipidemia or aortic sudanophilia in Vervet monkeys fed
a Western-type diet. 相似文献
5.
A method for isolation and quantitation of cellular free fatty acid has been developed. When this method was used to quantitate
the free fatty acid content of various cells and tissues, their levels of free fatty acids were found to vary over a wide
range. In comparing tissue culture cells having different levels of free fatty acid, it was demonstrated that the conditions
of culture and the type of serum in the medium are not responsible for the difference in levels. Isotopic studies have shown
that the cellular free fatty acid is not biosynthesized, but is derived from the free fatty acid of the medium. Preliminary
studies on the fate of the intracellular free fatty acid and a discussion of possible factors controlling the level of this
compound in cells are presented. 相似文献
6.
Lipid metabolism of male Fisher 344 rats aged 2–24 months was studied. Serum and liver cholesterol levels did not display
the age-related gradual increase seen in other rat strains. An increase in the serum plus liver cholesterol pool from 2 to
6 months was followed by a plateau through 18 months and then another increase at 24 months of age. The triglyceride pool
increased from 2 to 6 months and then remained unchanged through 24 months of age. Cholesterol synthesis from acetate decreased
50% between 2 and 9 months and fell only slightly through 24 months of age. Assay of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl Coenzyme
A (HMG-CoA) reductase showed a similar pattern but did not decrease further after 9 months of age. Cholesterol 7α hydroxylase
activity was not significantly altered by age. These age- and strain-related differences present an opportunity for a comparative
study of the aging process using the parameters of lipid metabolism as indicators. 相似文献
7.
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9.
A simplified procedure for the preparation of35S-labeled brain cerebroside sulfates has been developed. The labeled sulfatides are synthesized in vivo after intracerebral administration of inorganic35S-sulfate in developing rats. The animals are sacrificed three days later and brain homogenates extracted with chloroform-methanol. The extract is subjected to mild alkaline treatment and washed with water. The organic phase is chromatographed on triethylaminoethyl-cellulose from which sulfatides are eluted with chloroform-methanol containing potassium acetate. Radioactive fractions are pooled, concentrated, and potassium acetate removed by dialysis against water. Alternatively, salts are removed by passing radioactive fractions through Sephadex G-25. After evaporating to near dryness, the radioactive cerebroside sulfates are dissolved in a small volume of chloroform-methanol and stored at −20 C. The35S-sulfatides are essentially free of lipid contaminants, and 97% of the radio-activity corresponds with sulfatides on chromatographic analysis. 相似文献
10.
The effect of essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency on rat-brain myelin proteins was studied. Rats were maintained on a lipid-free
diet and compared with control rats fed the same diet supplemented with 3% corn oil. At 17 days of age, each pup was injected
with [3H]leucine and rats from each group were killed over a period of 163 days. Although a large decrease occurred in the total
amount of myelin protein per brain, the proportions of constituent myelin proteins remained relatively unchanged. Metabolic
studies showed a decrease in the net turnover of myelin proteins analogous to that previously demonstrated for myelin phospholipid
(PL). 相似文献