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1.
Maren Stephen; DeCola Joseph P.; Fanselow Michael S. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,108(3):645
Water-deprived and nondeprived rats were fear conditioned with a discrete tone CS and an aversive footshock unconditioned stimulus/stimuli (UCS). 24 and 48 hrs following conditioning, conditional fear to the tone CS and the context cues of the conditioning chamber, respectively, were assessed by measuring freezing behavior. Water deprivation had no effect on baseline responding to either tone or contextual stimuli. Following either 1 or 3 tone-shock pairings, however, water deprivation selectively enhanced conditional freezing to the contextual cues of the training chamber; conditional freezing to the tone was unaffected by water deprivation. These results are consistent with the view that water deprivation affects fear conditioning via an influence on the hippocampus. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
2.
In this review, which consists of two parts, major interactions between nitrous oxide (N2>O) and soil solution are described. In the first part, as an introduction, concentrations of dissolved N2>O in different aqueous systems are summarized. An inventory of data on maximal N2>O concentrations in soil solution (up to 9984 g N2>O-N l–1>) and in soil air (up to 8300 ppm) from literature is presented. The peak N2>O concentrations represent a N2>O supersaturation in the soil solution up to 30000 times with respect to ambient air and a soil air N2>O concentration about 25000 times higher than in the atmosphere. The main physico–chemical parameters (solubility, diffusion) controlling N2>O distribution between soil solution and soil air are outlined. The influences of cultivation practice, nitrogen turnover, water content and temperature on N2>O a ccumulation in soil solution and soil air are reviewed. In the second part some models of N2>O dynamics in soils are discussed with emphasis on N2>O transport processes. A simple qualitative scheme is developed to categorize the effects of the soil solution on N2>O dynamics in soils. In this scheme the temporary, intensive N2>O oversaturation of the soil solution is interpreted as a result of gas diffusion inhibition by water (barrier function of soil solution) resulting in an accumulation of N2>O. In addition, N2>O supersaturation is an indication that transitory much N2>O can be stored in the soil solution (storage function of soil solution). Where the soil solution flows up-, down- or sidewards it can act as a relevant transport medium for dissolved N2>O (transport function of soil solution). This scheme is applied to examples from the literature. 相似文献
3.
An advanced real-time workspace monitoring for parallel kinematic machines including tasks like self-calibration and exception
handling demands integrated sensors measuring the angular position of the robot joints. This work introduces a single-axis
MEMS fluxgate magnetometer developed for the specified application. The sensor is composed of high aspect ratio helical coils
with generating and sensing functions around an electrodeposited nickel–iron core featuring ferromagnetic behavior. The core
is designed in racetrack geometry causing an excellent directional sensitivity of the sensor for measuring the magnetic orientation
of permanent magnets which rotate on the joint shaft. This approach allows the real-time detection of the required joint angle
and the simplified analytical solution of direct kinematics. 相似文献
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Daniel A. Barber Lee Stickells Daniel J. Ryan Maren Koehler Philip Goad 《Architectural Theory Review》2013,18(2):249-286
There is increasing interest among architectural historians in addressing environmental concerns on both historical and theoretical terms. Simultaneously, other fields have been looking to architectural scholarship to understand the historical relationship between the built and the natural environment. For architectural historians, and others, this has also involved correlating the shifting discourse on environment with a history of architectural transformations and disciplinary expansions. These engagements have made clear that the environmental history of architecture does not simply add more objects to the historical database, but also changes the terms of historical analysis, as new matters of concern and new conceptual frameworks come to the fore. This paper gathers together a dialogic set of projections from scholars responding to the question of how we might newly understand the historical relationship between the built and the natural environment, and the opportunities and challenges this new phase presents to scholars, design researchers, and architects. 相似文献
7.
Armin Hornung Kai M. Wurm Maren Bennewitz Cyrill Stachniss Wolfram Burgard 《Autonomous Robots》2013,34(3):189-206
Three-dimensional models provide a volumetric representation of space which is important for a variety of robotic applications including flying robots and robots that are equipped with manipulators. In this paper, we present an open-source framework to generate volumetric 3D environment models. Our mapping approach is based on octrees and uses probabilistic occupancy estimation. It explicitly represents not only occupied space, but also free and unknown areas. Furthermore, we propose an octree map compression method that keeps the 3D models compact. Our framework is available as an open-source C++ library and has already been successfully applied in several robotics projects. We present a series of experimental results carried out with real robots and on publicly available real-world datasets. The results demonstrate that our approach is able to update the representation efficiently and models the data consistently while keeping the memory requirement at a minimum. 相似文献
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We consider the problem of simultaneously scheduling IT-projects and assigning multi-skilled internal and external human resources
with resource-specific efficiencies to the project work. The objective is to minimize labor costs. The problem is modeled
as a mixed-integer linear program (MIP) with a tight LP-bound. The performance of the model w.r.t. solution gap and computation
time is assessed and managerial insight is given concerning different problem parameters such as the time window size of projects,
the number of skills of human resources, and the workload. Furthermore, we show the benefit of applying the MIP compared to
simple heuristics used in practice in terms of obtaining feasible and low-cost solutions. Finally, we provide insight into
the benefit of applying the MIP in case of central compared to decentral planning. 相似文献
10.
One Question,Multiple Answers: Biochemical and Biophysical Screening Methods Retrieve Deviating Fragment Hit Lists 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Johannes Schiebel Nedyalka Radeva Dr. Helene Köster Dr. Alexander Metz Timo Krotzky Dr. Maren Kuhnert Prof. Wibke E. Diederich Prof. Andreas Heine Dr. Lars Neumann Dr. Cedric Atmanene Dominique Roecklin Dr. Valérie Vivat‐Hannah Dr. Jean‐Paul Renaud Dr. Robert Meinecke Dr. Nina Schlinck Dr. Astrid Sitte Franziska Popp Dr. Markus Zeeb Prof. Gerhard Klebe 《ChemMedChem》2015,10(9):1511-1521
Fragment‐based lead discovery is gaining momentum in drug development. Typically, a hierarchical cascade of several screening techniques is consulted to identify fragment hits which are then analyzed by crystallography. Because crystal structures with bound fragments are essential for the subsequent hit‐to‐lead‐to‐drug optimization, the screening process should distinguish reliably between binders and non‐binders. We therefore investigated whether different screening methods would reveal similar collections of putative binders. First we used a biochemical assay to identify fragments that bind to endothiapepsin, a surrogate for disease‐relevant aspartic proteases. In a comprehensive screening approach, we then evaluated our 361‐entry library by using a reporter‐displacement assay, saturation‐transfer difference NMR, native mass spectrometry, thermophoresis, and a thermal shift assay. While the combined results of these screening methods retrieve 10 of the 11 crystal structures originally predicted by the biochemical assay, the mutual overlap of individual hit lists is surprisingly low, highlighting that each technique operates on different biophysical principles and conditions. 相似文献