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1.
A central event in the life of a cellular system is the interaction between the exterior and the interior compartments. Biochemical signals arrive at the cellular surface, bind to their membrane bound receptor followed by a conformational change triggering the release of an internal chemical or electrical signal.This basic principle is followed by all our perceptive abilities like sense of smell or taste, but also by different signal transduction pathways involved in nerve conductivity, vision, sense of touch or hearing. To follow and mimic this principle of parallel registration is one of the aims of modern nanobiotechnology. If we are able to specifically biofunctionalize small arrays of a solid surface, which could be an electrode or a semiconductor, this approach will enable us to build up devices called “biochips” or “biosensors” that allow the determination of bioactive molecules with high specificity at lowest concentrations. Potential pharmacological active substrates might be screened as well as new receptors may be determined. Applications in genomics as well as proteomics are realistic. The major prerequisite for such a broad spectrum of applications is the fabrication of receptive surfaces. Biomolecules have to be surface‐adsorbed in a highly reproducible, oriented and well organised fashion, a task which in biology is taken by the cellular membranes as external or internal receptive surfaces. The physical principles like hydrogen bonds, electrostatic or hydrophobic interactions that lead to such an organized surface are well known. To synthesize molecular building blocks and to position them onto an otherwise unspecific surface is one of the challenges of nanobiotechnology combining biological knowledge and chemical skills with biophysical techniques that allow to handle or analyze even single molecules. 相似文献
2.
S. ReppA. Sadiki C. SchneiderA. Hinz T. LandenfeldJ. Janicka 《International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer》2002,45(6):1271-1285
This work aims to compare numerical results obtained by using the Monte Carlo composition-PDF method and a presumed-β-PDF in order to reveal their effects on the prediction of flow and scalar fields in swirling confined methane diffusion flame. Using the intrinsic low dimensional manifolds method for modelling the chemistry and a second moment closure for the turbulence, it is shown that both PDF-methods provide a similar accuracy level of the prediction of mean quantities. While the presumed-β-PDF performs using reasonable computational efforts, the Monte Carlo-PDF allows to capture well the turbulence-chemistry interaction and strong finite-chemistry effects such as local extinction. 相似文献
3.
Artur Lugmayr Bjoern Stockleben Yaning Zou Sonja Anzenhofer Mika Jalonen 《Multimedia Tools and Applications》2014,71(1):119-157
“Design Thinking” – a cross-disciplinary and user centered method – is an approach towards the discovery of solutions and sparks innovative thinking in many ways. It also can be argued, that designers put themselves in the place of the user rather than co-creating with the consumer. Innovation is one of the current keywords across many industries, and many attempt to find new solutions to daily problems. Design Thinking as method allows to understand user needs and understand their principle problems in daily life. The design process uses intensive collaboration in cross-disciplinary settings and is divided into the exploration of the problem space and the solution space to achieve new ways of solving existing problems. Design Thinking has to integrate into the innovation process and into organizational structures right from the beginning. It constitutes a complement to classical analytical processes for problems that require lateral, not linear thinking. This article reviews the practical application of this energetic methodology in the academic context and presents some hands-on examples. The course series has been established by the Entertainment and Media Management Lab. (EMMi Lab.) at the Tampere University of Technology (TUT) and was held in cooperation with students from the University of Tampere (UTA), and the Tampere University of Applied Sciences (TAMK). One course has been held in cooperation with the University of Applied Sciences Magdeburg-Stendal, Germany. This article describes how to train students especially with strong technical background and analytical mind-sets in the development of innovations in the field of media, foster creative thinking, and achieve problem solutions beyond the current state of the art. We present the basic curriculum, course structure, goals & objectives, applied methods, settings, and theoretical aspects of Design Thinking. Our experience and reflections on conducting the courses concludes this article. The article shall be an introductory guide for anyone who intends to organize a similar course in the university context. 相似文献
4.
Sharing product information has become an integral part of today’s online social networking world. This research study addresses the effects of customer engagement behavior in online social networks on other consumers in order to understand how online social connections impact decision making. We investigate how different variations of a brand-related Facebook post trigger different response reactions. In particular, we analyze under which conditions negative posts can have positive consequences. The results of two online experiments set in a restaurant context suggest a difference when the user knows the restaurant brand. For users who are familiar with the restaurant brand, a positive effect of negative information posted by distant acquaintances is found with regard to the visiting intention of the user. The results of both experiments demonstrate that information posted by a close friend is perceived to be more diagnostic. For users not familiar with the restaurant brand, negative posts from strong ties induce the highest diagnosticity levels. 相似文献
5.
Rodrigo Segura Christian Cierpka Massimiliano Rossi Sonja Joseph Heike Bunjes Christian J. Kähler 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2013,14(3-4):445-456
The ever accelerating state of technology has powered an increasing interest in heat transfer solutions and process engineering innovations in the microfluidics domain. In order to carry out such developments, reliable heat transfer diagnostic techniques are necessary. Thermo-liquid crystal (TLC) thermography, in combination with particle image velocimetry, has been a widely accepted and commonly used technique for the simultaneous measurement and characterization of temperature and velocity fields in macroscopic fluid flows for several decades. However, low seeding density, volume illumination, and low TLC particle image quality at high magnifications present unsurpassed challenges to its application to three-dimensional flows with microscopic dimensions. In this work, a measurement technique to evaluate the color response of individual non-encapsulated TLC particles is presented. A Shirasu porous glass membrane emulsification approach was used to produce the non-encapsulated TLC particles with a narrow size distribution and a multi-variable calibration procedure, making use of all three RGB and HSI color components, as well as the proper orthogonally decomposed RGB components, was used to achieve unprecedented low uncertainty levels in the temperature estimation of individual particles, opening the door to simultaneous temperature and velocity tracking using 3D velocimetry techniques. 相似文献
6.
7.
Anjana Ramkumar Pieter Jan Stappers Wiro J. Niessen Sonja Adebahr Tanja Schimek-Jasch Ursula Nestle 《International journal of human-computer interaction》2017,33(2):123-134
HCI plays an important role in interactive medical image segmentation. The Goals, Operators, Methods, and Selection rules (GOMS) model and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) questionnaire are different methods that are often used to evaluate the HCI process. In this article, we aim at improving the HCI process of interactive segmentation using both the GOMS model and the NASA-TLX questionnaire to: 1) identify the relations between these two methods and 2) propose HCI design suggestions based on the synthesis of the evaluation results using both methods. For this, we conducted an experiment where three physicians used two interactive segmentation approaches to segment different types of organs at risk for radiotherapy planning. Using the GOMS model, we identified 16 operators and 10 methods. Further analysis discovered strong relations between the use of GOMS operators and the results of the NASA-TLX questionnaire. Finally, HCI design issues were identified, and suggestions were proposed based on the evaluation results and the identified relations. 相似文献
8.
Dr. Sonja Rothärmel 《Ethik in der Medizin》2004,16(4):349-357
Definition of the problem: Terminal sedation has recently been discussed as part of the standard of care in the end of life area. Within the palliative care context the term is commonly used as the “induction and maintainance of a sedated state with the intent of relieving otherwise intractable distress, both physical and mental in a patient close to death”. While some representatives of palliative care medicine stress that terminal sedation is only used as a “last resort”, e.g. when other standard methods of palliative care have failed, the opponents express fear of a new and uncontrolled “form of active euthanasia.” Especially when instituted together with a withdrawal of nutrition and hydration, terminal sedation is often deemed to be closer to active euthanasia and a prohibition is demanded. Arguments and conclusion: This article explores the legal meaning of terminal sedation. Along the way it will demonstrate that terminal sedation is — under certain conditions — neither equivalent to active euthanasia nor is it forbidden physician-assisted suicide. Examples for practice guidelines that meet the legal framework are suggested in the article. 相似文献
9.
Kortte Kathleen B.; Veiel Lori; Batten Sonja V.; Wegener Stephen T. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2009,54(1):91
Objective: To establish psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ), a measure of avoidance, in medical rehabilitation populations. Study Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal. Setting: Three acute, inpatient rehabilitation units. Participants: One hundred thirty-nine adults with spinal cord dysfunction, stroke, amputation, or orthopedic surgery. Measures: AAQ, Hope Scale, Spiritual Well-Being Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory, Hopkins Rehabilitation Engagement Rating Scale, Functional Independence Measure, Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique, Satisfaction with Life Scale. Results: The AAQ has adequate internal consistency (α = .70), is best understood with a two-factor solution, is positively correlated with depression (r = .36, p r = .41, p r = ?.51, p r = ?.33, p r = ?.32, p 相似文献