炼油生产调度研究现状与挑战

调度作为计划层和执行层的纽带,是智能型工厂的主要组成部分.对此,从炼油生产装置调度的角度,对炼油调度问题进行综述与分析.首先对炼油生产调度建模问题的研究现状进行阐述,介绍目前该领域建模方面考虑的因素;其次,对炼油生产调度的各种优化方法进行总结综述;最后,结合目前的信息技术和智能制造的发展趋势,分析炼油生产调度所面临的挑战和未来的研究方向.     

Effects of (Li0.5Sm0.5)/W co-substitution and sintering temperature on the structure and electrical properties of ultrahigh Curie temperature piezoceramics,Ca0.92(Li0.5Sm0.5)0.08Bi2Nb2-xWxO9

With co-substitution of (Li_0.5Sm_0.5) at A site and W at B site, the electrical properties of modified Ca_0.92(Li_0.5Sm_0.5)_0.08Bi₂Nb_2-xW_xO₉ [(CLS)BN-xW, x = 0, 0.015 and 0.03] piezoceramics with ultrahigh Curie temperature (T_C) of > 930 °C were enhanced dramatically. The increased resistivity induced by the co-substitution ensure them to be polarized under an enough high field. Combined with the increase of spontaneous ferroelectric polarization (P_S), the significant enhancements in the piezoelectric, dielectric and ferroelectric properties can be obtained in the composition x = 0.015. Furthermore, the piezoelectric activity (d₃₃) and bulk resistivity (ρ_b) of (CLS)BN-0.015 W can be further enhanced at an appropriate sintering temperature. This optimum composition sintered at 1170 °C shows ultrahigh T_C of ～948 °C, d₃₃ of ～17.3 pC/N and ρ_b of ～6.9 MΩ cm at 600 °C, which are comparable to those of the reported high-temperature Aurivillius piezoceramics with T_C > 850 °C.     

Constructing magnetically recoverable CdS/CaFe2O4 P–N heterojunctions for enhanced photoelectrochemical properties towards H2 evolution reaction

A novel CdS/CaFe₂O₄ (CS/CFO) heterogeneous p-n junction was created by thermal deposition of CaFe₂O₄ nanoparticles on CdS rods. The CS/CFO hetero-structured photocatalysts exhibited increasingly efficient visible light harvesting compared to the bare CdS. The CS/CFO composites also presented higher photocurrent and slower decay of photoluminescence, suggesting a better separation of the photo-generated electrons and holes. The photocatalytic H₂ evolution quantity on the optimized CS/CFO composite from water in the presence of ethanol was up to 2200 μmol after 3-h visible light illumination, which is more than twice that of the pristine CdS. The chemical interaction between CdS and CaFe₂O₄ was confirmed by the shifts in the XPS peaks, which made it possible for the charge carriers to transfer across the p-n junction interface. This research highlights the importance of forming an interfacial p-n heterojunction between two semiconductors for efficient charge separation and improved photocatalytic performance.     

催化剂级配技术在加氢改质装置上的工业应用

基于柴油产品质量升级的需求,中国石化大连石油化工研究院(FRIPP)开发了FHIDW加氢改质技术及配套FF-46加氢精制催化剂、FC-14B加氢改质催化剂和FDW-3临氢降凝催化剂.该技术及催化剂级配体系在格尔木炼油厂0.8 Mt·a-1加氢改质装置上的工业应用情况表明,级配催化剂体系对原料适应性强,装置运转平稳,操作灵活性高,催化剂失活速率慢,产品分布合理且质量优异,在降低柴油产品凝点的同时可以明显改善其密度和十六烷值,解决了改造前装置生产重柴油密度偏低的问题,为炼油厂生产符合国V质量标准的柴油提供了技术保障.     

基于TRNSYS的茯砖茶生产工艺能源系统节能环保特性研究

茯砖茶发酵、干燥过程中，烘房内温湿度稳定性和能源系统低能耗是保证茯砖茶品质与成本的重要因素。本文采用TRNSYS仿真与实验研究相结合的方法，对咸阳某茯砖茶厂实际使用的空气源热泵系统进行建模，通过研究各季节典型代表月烘房温湿度的波动情况，确定该空气源热泵系统在全年的运行状态是否满足工艺要求，在此基础上，对比了该系统在全年可运行季节代表月与该生产厂房早期使用的燃气锅炉系统的能耗仿真结果，对空气源热泵系统的节能与环保特性进行研究。结果表明：由于夏季送风质量流量过大且室外空气含湿量较高，7月烘房温湿度不满足工艺要求。热泵系统在1、4、10月的总标煤消耗量的平均值是锅炉系统的44.42%，平均CO2、SO2、NOx排放量分别为锅炉系统的34.13%、44.1%、40.60%。在茯砖茶发酵、干燥的过程中，相比于燃气锅炉系统，空气源热泵系统具有更好的节能与环保特性。     

75 t/h循环流化床锅炉降低NOx排放技术

近年来,我国对环境保护的要求越来越高,电厂烟气NOx排放指标多次进行了修改。国内绝大多数运行时间超过10年以上的老电厂,尤其是低参数小机组电厂的NOx排放都不达标。文章介绍了五阳热电厂4×75 t/h循环流化床锅炉通过技术改造降低NOx排放指标的成功经验,供同类型机组借鉴。     

DCS分布式冷却系统在通信基站的应用研究

针对基站柜式空调耗电量大的问题,创造性地使用基站分布式冷却的方式,达到精确送风,节能高效的目的.在应用实践中检验了分布式冷却系统实际节能量和应用效果,总结出分布式冷却系统应用场景和范围,为更大范围推广应用DCS分布式冷却系统提供实践依据.